พระ

Thai

Alternative forms

  • (obsolete)

Etymology

From Old Khmer ព្រ (bra) or Angkorian Old Khmer ព្រះ (braḥ), ព្រះហ៑ (braḥh), ព្រហ៑ (brah, literally distinguished; divine; excellent; holy; sacred; superior; etc), likely from Sanskrit वर (vara, best; excellent; foremost; holy; precious; top; valuable; etc); see Khmer ព្រះ (prĕəh) for more.

Compare Old Khmer វ្រះ (vraḥ), វ្រះហ៑ (vraḥh), វ្រហ៑ (vrah), វ្រហ្ហ៑ (vrahh), វ្រាអះ (vrāʼaḥ), ព្រា (brā); Angkorian Old Khmer វ្រះ (vraḥ), វ្រះហ (vraḥha), វ្រះហ៑ (vraḥh), វ្រហ៑ (vrah), វ្រស៑ (vras), វ្រាះ (vrāḥ).

Cognate with Modern Khmer ព្រះ (prĕəh), Lao ພະ (pha), ພຣະ (phra), Northern Thai ᨻᩕ, ᦘᦰ (ph!), Shan ၽြႃး (phráa). Compare also Burmese ဘုရား (bhu.ra:), Old Javanese phra, Javanese bra. Doublet of พร (pɔɔn) and วร (wɔɔn) via Sanskrit.

Pronunciation

Orthographicพระ
b r a
Phonemic
พฺระ
b ̥ r a
RomanizationPaiboonprá
Royal Institutephra
(standard) IPA(key)/pʰraʔ˦˥/(R)

Noun

พระ • (prá)

  1. god, deity; someone or something revered as a god or deity
  2. priest
  3. representation, as image, statue, sculpture, etc, of a god, deity, someone or something revered as a god or deity, or priest
  4. royal person
  5. honorific or term of address
    1. used as an honorific for or term of address to a god, deity, someone or something revered as a god or deity, priest, or royal person
    2. used as an honorific for or term of address to a representation, as image, statue, sculpture, etc, of a god, deity, someone or something revered as a god or deity, or priest
    3. used as an honorific for or term of address to anyone or anything related to a god, deity, someone or something revered as a god or deity, priest, or royal person
  6. (historical) noble rank
    1. the Thai noble rank above หลวง (lǔuang) and below พระยา (prá-yaa)
    2. nobleperson holding this rank
  7. male protagonist, as in a literary work, drama, etc

Usage notes

  • Extended versions of the honorific include:
Terms Literal meaning Application Notes
Gods High priests Royals
พระบรมมหาราช (prá-bɔɔ-rom-má-hǎa-râat-chá-) sacred, supreme, great, royal For monarchs
พระบรม (prá-bɔɔ-rom-má-) sacred, supreme For monarchs
พระบรมราช (prá-bɔɔ-rom-má-râat-chá-) sacred, supreme, royal For monarchs
พระบวร (prá-bɔɔ-wɔɔ-rá-) sacred, exalted For princes of the Front Palace
พระบวรราช (prá-bɔɔ-wɔɔ-rá-râat-chá) sacred, exalted, royal For princes of the Front Palace
พระปรม (prá-bpɔɔ-rá-má-) sacred, supreme For monarchs
พระพุทธ (prá-pút-tá-) sacred, Buddhist For Buddhas and Buddhist high priests
พระมหา (prá-má-hǎa-) sacred, great
พระมหาราช (prá-má-hǎa-râat-chá-) sacred, great, royal
พระมหาสมณ (prá-má-hǎa-sà-má-ná-) sacred, great, ecclesiastical
พระราช (prá-râat-chá-) sacred, royal For high-ranking royals
พระวร (prá-wɔɔ-rá-) sacred, excellent For high-ranking royals
พระสมณ (prá-sà-má-ná-) sacred, ecclesiastical
พระสุร (prá-sù-rá-) sacred, celestial For high-ranking royals

Derived terms

See also

Further reading

  • พระ” in Thai Dictionary Project (TDP) (UC Berkeley 1964) (plus additional data from the Royal Institute of Thailand (RI) and NECTEC's LEXITRON project (LEX)). Searchable online at SEAlang.net.