e-

From Latin ē-.^[1]

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ɛ-/

e-

2. (no longer productive) Used to form adjectives with the sense of something being absent, being removed, or moving outward.

   e.g. eluviation, edentulous, elenge

   Synonym: ex-

• “e-”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
• “e-”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

Abbreviation of electronic.

• IPA^(key): /i-/

e-

2. In an electronic form, especially computerized and digital; often in association with the Internet.

   Coordinate terms: cyber-, i-

• This practice began with E-mail in June 1979. The first usage of E-mail, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, occurred in the journal Electronics with reference to an initiative of the United States Postal Service (USPS) called Electronic Computer Originated Mail, which USPS abbreviated E-COM. Many terms beginning with e- can be seen in both hyphenated (e.g. e-card) and unhyphenated (e.g., ecard) form, and sometimes – particularly in a business context – the letter following the e- will be capitalized (e.g., eBusiness or e-Business). In the present day, e- is generally used to indicate association with or transmission over the Internet. In proper names beginning with e-, the convention is generally to leave the e- lower-case, and to capitalize the second letter of the name (e.g., eBay). The e remains then lower-case when the name is used at the beginning of a sentence.

• Appendix:American Dialect Society words of the year

Abbreviation of emergency.

• IPA^(key): /i-/

e-

2. For emergency purposes.

   e-stop, e-brake

Abbreviation of electric or electrical.

• IPA^(key): /i-/

e-

2. (marketing) Used to prefix product names, to indicate an electrified or all-electric variant of the product, particularly cars.
   1. (marketing) Used to prefix product names, to indicate a battery-powered or onboard electric power source variant.
3. Electric.

   e-stim

Abbreviation of embedded.

e-

2. (electronics) Used to prefix items that are embedded into devices, instead of being discrete or removable elements.

Abbreviation of educational.

• IPA^(key): /i-/

e-

2. educational

e-

1. third person feminine agent pronominal prefix; she

• Marianne Mithun; Reginald Henry (1982), Wadęwayę́stanih - A Cayuga Teaching Grammar, 3rd edition, Woodland Cultural Centre, published 2015, page 66

e-

1. Third-person singular subject marker for tense modifying adverbs.
2. one

From English e-, abbreviation of electronic.

e-

1. electronic; including the hyphen

From English e-.

• IPA^(key): /ˈeː/, [ˈe̞ː]

e-

1. e- (electronic)

The hyphen is kept (not dropped) when this prefix is used.

• IPA^(key): /e/

e-

2. marks the third-person singular subject on a verb

   ‎e- + ‎dibai'u (“to spear me”) → ‎edibai'u (“He speared me”)

   ‎e- + ‎gana (“to go”) → ‎egana (“He/She went”)

   ‎e- + ‎ganava (“to be going”) → ‎eganava (“He/She is going”)

• Oa, Morea and Ma`oni Paul. (2014-02-24). Tentative Grammar Description for the Gabadi Language. [Working paper, draft created November 2013; Editor: Eileen Gasaway]. Ukarumpa, Papua New Guinea: SIL International. Available online: [1]. For the prefix e-, see page 23, section "5.1.1 Subject Marking".

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *ì- (“Class 5 noun prefix”).

e-

1. Class 5 noun prefix.

• Wilhelm J.G. Möhlig, Lutz Marten, Jekura U. Kavari (2002), A Grammatical Sketch of Herero (Otjiherero)‎^[2], Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, page 30

e-

1. Prefix for creating nouns.

e-

1. Prefix for creating gerunds.

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *ì- (“Class 5 noun prefix”)

e-

1. Class 5 noun prefix.

• Thera Crane, Karl Lindgren-Streicher, Andy Wingo, Hai ti! A Beginner's Guide to Oshikwanyama (2004), page 27

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈeː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɛː]

ē-

1. alternative form of ex- (combining with b-, d-, g-, j-, l-, m-, n-, r-, and v-initial words)

e-

1. number prefix for one

e- is a numerical prefix, attached to classifiers and other numbers to create various numeral forms and numbers.

• ew
• emen
• ekij
• eijek

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *ì- (“Class 5 noun prefix”).

e-

1. Class 5 noun prefix.

• T.E.Tirronen (1986), Ndonga-English Vocabulary‎^[3], ELOC Printing Press, page c

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

e-

1. Class 4 relative concord.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

e-

1. Class 9 relative concord.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

e-

1. Class 9 adjective concord.

e- (class A infixed pronoun)

1. alternative form of a- (“him, it”)

Borrowed from English e-.

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛ/, /ˈi/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛ, -i

e-

1. e-, as relating to electronics or the internet

   ‎e- + ‎papier → ‎e-papier

• e- in Polish dictionaries at PWN

e-

1. alternative form of em- used before M and N
2. alternative form of ex- (outward motion)

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

e-

1. Class 4 relative concord.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

e-

1. Class 9 relative concord.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

e-

1. Class 9 adjective concord.

From Old Norse æ, from Proto-Germanic *aiwi (“forever”), Proto-Germanic *aiwaz.

e-

1. prefix that may be used on certain pronouns and adverbs to create "-ever" constructions, most of which are formal or archaic.

   ‎e- + ‎huru (“how”) → ‎ehuru (“although, however”)

   ‎e- + ‎vad (“what”) → ‎evad (“whatever”)

   ‎e- + ‎var (“where”) → ‎evar (“wherever”)

   ‎e- + ‎ho (“who”) → ‎eho (“whoever”)

• e

From English e-, shortening of electronic.

e-

1. electronic; including the hyphen

Compare Tocharian B ai-.

e-

1. to give

• (before -a- or subjunctive -e-) y-
• (before vowels in other cases) ey-

• IPA^(key): /e-/

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ̀-. Originally the concord of Class 9, it replaced the Class 4 concord as well.

e-

1. class 4 pronominal concord

   ‎e- + ‎-nu (“this, these”) → ‎enu (“these (class 4)”)

2. class 9 pronominal concord

   ‎e- + ‎-nu (“this, these”) → ‎enu (“this (class 9)”)

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-. Originally the concord of Class 9, it replaced the Class 4 concord as well.

e-

1. they; class 4 subject concord

   ‎e- + ‎-kora (“to do”) → ‎ekora (“they (class 4) do”)

2. it; class 9 subject concord

   ‎e- + ‎-kora (“to do”) → ‎ekora (“it (class 9) does”)

• Kaji, Shigeki (2007), A Rutooro Vocabulary‎^[4], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, pages 413-414

• IPA^(key): /eː/, /ɛ/

Borrowed from English e-, an abbreviation of electronic.

e-

1. e-

   ‎e- + ‎llyfr (“book”) → ‎e-lyfr (“e-book”)

   ‎e- + ‎masnach (“trade, commerce”) → ‎e-fasnach (“e-commerce”)

   ‎e- + ‎post (“post, mail”) → ‎e-bost (“email”)

   ‎e- + ‎dysgu (“to learn”) → ‎e-ddysgu (“e-learning”)

e-

1. alternative form of ech- (“ex-, out of”)

Derived terms

• eferwi (“to effervesce”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of e-

radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
e-	unchanged	unchanged	he-

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “e-”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Xhosa

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

e-

1. Class 4 relative concord.

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

e-

1. Class 9 relative concord.

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

e-

1. at, on, in; locative prefix.

Usage notes

This prefix is used with nouns of all classes except 1(a) and 2(a). Usually, it occurs in the form of the circumfix e- -ini, but certain nouns have only the prefix. When affixed to a class 11 noun in u-, it changes to elu-. Also when affixed to a class 10 noun in iin-, iim-, ii-, it also changes to ezin-, ezim-, ezi-.

Ye'kwana

Variant orthographies

ALIV	e-
Brazilian standard	e-
New Tribes	e-

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [e-]

Etymology 1

Perhaps originally related to or a variant form of öt-, which has an allmorphic form e- in some related languages. However, note that intransitive verbs formed with öt- have agent-like arguments, whereas those formed with e- have patient-like arguments.

Prefix

e-

1. converts a transitive verb into an intransitive verb with a patient-like argument, variously with reflexive, reciprocal, or passive meaning

Usage notes

Only used with transitive verbs whose root begins with a consonant. A transitive verb that can be converted in such a way will generally have an epenthetic i- preceding its root in most conjugated forms, as well as palatalization of its initial consonant.

Derived terms

Ye'kwana terms prefixed with e-

eetajuduka

eka'ta

emakudö

emo'tö

enneke'ma

ennu

enta'na

entö

esenümü

esi'jo

etanta'ñö

eta'jü

eja'dötö

eja'ka

ejenka

ejüdata'ñö

ekamjiyaka

ensöma'tö

ennaka

enneka

ennejenka

enta'du

entajo

entatü'

eseicha

esidi'chö

eshichako

eso'ka

eshi

etadawa'kajo

tüweshicha

eewadüka

eewadü'tö

ewonka

ewontö

e'dötö

e'juuma

e'kotontö

e'mo

e'saku

e'wa'tö

Etymology 2

Prefix

e-

1. attaches to possessed nouns beginning with ö when the possessor is first- or second-person or is indicated by a full noun preceding the possessed noun

Usage notes

This prefix takes the place of the ö that introduces the possessed noun. Its status as a prefix is debatable; it may rather be analyzed as an ablaut phenomenon.

References

• Cáceres, Natalia (2011), Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎^[5], Lyon, pages 70–72, 111, 132–133

Zou

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ə˧/

Prefix

e-

1. Used to form agent nouns from verbs; -er

   ‎e- + ‎ne (“to eat”) → ‎ene (“eater”)

Derived terms

Zou terms prefixed with e-

ebom

ekap

ekel

ene

References

• Lukram Himmat Singh (2013), A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 81

Zulu

Etymology 1

From a- (“relative”) +‎ i- (“class 4”).

Prefix

ḗ-

1. Class 4 relative concord.

Etymology 2

From a- (“relative”) +‎ i- (“class 9”).

Prefix

ḗ-

1. Class 9 relative concord.

Etymology 3

Possibly related to Rwanda-Rundi i.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

e-

1. at, on, in; locative prefix.

Usage notes

This prefix is used with nouns of all classes except 1(a) and 2(a). Usually, it occurs in the form of the circumfix e- -ini, but certain nouns have only the prefix. When affixed to a class 5 noun beginning in ī-, it is lengthened to ē-, and when affixed to a class 11 noun in ū-, it is lengthened and also changes to ō-. It takes on the tone of whichever prefix it replaces.

References

• C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “e-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “e-”