योग

Borrowed from Sanskrit योग (yoga).

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /joːɡ/
• (Yoga) (Delhi) IPA^(key): /joː.ɡɑː/, [joː.ɡäː], /joː.ɡᵊ/
• Rhymes: -oːɡ

योग • (yog) m (Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism)

1. yoga (discipline aiming to train the consciousness)

   मैं प्रतिदिन प्रातः योग करता हूँ।

   ma͠i pratidin prātaḥ yog kartā hū̃.

   I do yoga every morning.

   अमृत योग ― amŕt yog ― "Immortal Yoga"; kind of yoga

   • Manish Verma (2017), योग से जीवन को स्वस्थ बनाएं [yog se jīvan ko svasth banāẽ]

     भारतीय दर्शन में योग एक अति महत्वपूर्ण शब्द है।

     bhārtīya darśan mẽ yog ek ati mahatvapūrṇ śabd hai.

     In the Indian context, yoga is a very important word.

   1. meditation

      Synonym: ध्यान (dhyān)

   2. oneness with Brahma; enlightenment
2. use, utilization

   Synonyms: उपयोग (upyog), प्रयोग (prayog), इस्तेमाल (istemāl)

   1. benefit

      Synonym: लाभ (lābh)

3. combination, mixture

   Synonyms: जोड़ (joṛ), मेल (mel), संयोग (sãyog), मिलन (milan)

4. (mathematics) total, sum

   ४ और ३ का योग ७ है। ― 4 aur 3 kā yog 7 hai. ― 4 + 3 = 7

   Synonym: जोड़ (joṛ)

5. method, way, path

   ज्ञान योग ― jñān yog ― path to knowledge; concept in Advaita Vedanta school of Hinduism

6. contribution, help
7. (astrology) auspicious occasion

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *yáwgas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yáwgas, from Proto-Indo-European *yówgos, from *yewg- (“to yoke, harness, join”). Compare the verbal root युनक्ति (yunákti, “to yoke”), युग (yugá) (< *yugóm), योगस् (yógas) (< *yéwgos). Cognate with English yoke.

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /jɐ́w.ɡɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /joː.ɡɐ/

योग • (yóga) stem, m

1. yoga, a group of mental and physical practises
2. the act of yoking, joining, attaching, harnessing, putting to (of horses)
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.39.12:

     आ तेन॑ यातं॒ मन॑सो॒ जवी॑यसा॒ रथं॒ यं वा॑मृ॒भव॑श्च॒क्रुर॑श्विना।
     यस्य॒ योगे॑ दुहि॒ता जाय॑ते दि॒व उ॒भे अह॑नी सु॒दिने॑ वि॒वस्व॑तः॥

     ā́ téna yātaṃ mánaso jávīyasā ráthaṃ yáṃ vāmṛbhávaścakrúraśvinā.
     yásya yóge duhitā́ jā́yate divá ubhé áhanī sudíne vivásvataḥ.

     Come on that chariot which the Rbhus made for you, the chariot Aśvins, that is speedier than thought, at harnessing whereof heaven's daughter springs to birth and from Vivasvat come auspicious night and day.

3. yoke, team, vehicle, conveyance
4. employment, use, application, performance
5. equipping or arraying (of an army)
6. fixing (of an arrow on the bow-string)
7. putting on (of armour)
8. remedy, cure
9. means, expedient, device, way, manner, method
10. supernatural means, charm, incantation, magical art
11. trick, stratagem, fraud, deceit (compare yoga-nanda)
12. undertaking, business, work
13. acquisition, gain, profit, wealth, property
14. occasion, opportunity
15. any junction, union, combination, contact with (+instrumental with or without सह (sahá), or compound)

    योगम् (yogam) एति (eti) — to agree, consent, acquiesce in anything

16. mixing of various materials, mixture
17. partaking of, possessing (instrumental or compound)
18. connection, relation (योगात् (yógāt), योगेन (yógena) and योगतस् (yógatas) at the end of a compound: in consequence of, on account of, by reason of, according to, through)
19. putting together, arrangement, disposition, regular succession
20. fitting together, fitness, propriety, suitability

    योगेन (yógena) and योगतस् (yógatas) — suitably, fitly, duly, in the right manner

21. exertion, endeavour, zeal, diligence, industry, care, attention

    योगतस् (yógatas) — strenuously, assiduously

    पूर्णेन योगेन (pūrṇena yogena) — with all one's powers, with overflowing zeal

22. yoga: application or concentration of the thoughts, abstract contemplation, meditation, (especially) self-concentration, abstract meditation and mental abstraction practised as a system
23. any simple act or rite conducive to yoga or abstract meditation
24. Yoga personified (as the son of Dharma and Kriya)
25. a follower of the yoga system
26. (in samkhya) the union of soul with matter (one of the 10 मूलिकअर्था (mūlikaarthā)s or radical facts)
27. (with पाशुपत (pāśupata)s) the union of the individual soul with the universal soul
28. (with पाञ्चरात्र (pāñcarātra)s) devotion, pious seeking after God
29. (with जैन (jaina)s) contact or mixing with the outer world
30. (astronomy) conjunction, lucky conjuncture
31. (astronomy) a constellation, asterism (these, with the moon, are called चान्द्रयोगाः (cāndrayogāḥ) and are 13 in number; without the moon they are called खयोगाः (khayogāḥ), or नाभसयोगाः (nābhasayogāḥ))
32. (astronomy) the leading or principal star of a lunar asterism
33. (astronomy) name of a variable division of time (during which the joint motion in longitude of the sun and moon amounts to 13 degrees 20 minutes; there are 27 such yogas beginning with विष्कम्भ (viṣkambha) and ending with वैधृति (vaidhṛti))
34. (arithmetic) addition, sum, total
35. (grammar) the connection of words together, syntactical dependence of a word, construction (at the end of a compound = dependent on, ruled by)
36. (grammar) a combined or concentrated grammatical rule or aphorism
37. the connection of a word with its root, original or etymological meaning (as opposed to रूढि (rūḍhi))
38. violator of confidence, spy
39. name of a scholiast or commentator on the परमार्थसार (paramārthasāra)

• → Assamese: যো (zü)
• → English: yoga
• → Old Javanese: yoga, yuga (see there for further descendants)
• → Hindi: योग (yog)
• → Odia: ଯୋଗ (joga)
• → Tamil: யோகம் (yōkam) (learned)
• → Telugu: యోగము (yōgamu) (learned)

• Monier Williams (1899), “योग”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 856/2.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 417