Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/yéwgos

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *yewg- (“to join, to yoke, to tie together”) +‎ *-os (suffix creating action/result nouns from verbs).

Noun

*yéwgos n (oblique stem *yéwges-)[1][2]

  1. team, pair of yoked animals

Inflection

Athematic, acrostatic
singular
nominative *yéwgos
genitive *yéwgesos
singular dual plural
nominative *yéwgos *yéwgesih₁ *yéwgōs
vocative *yéwgos *yéwgesih₁ *yéwgōs
accusative *yéwgos *yéwgesih₁ *yéwgōs
genitive *yéwgesos *? *yéwgesoHom
ablative *yéwgesos *? *yéwgesmos, *yéwgesbʰos
dative *yéwgesey *? *yéwgesmos, *yéwgesbʰos
locative *yéwges, *yéwgesi *? *yéwgesu
instrumental *yéwgesh₁ *? *yéwgesmis, *yéwgesbʰis

Descendants

  • Proto-Germanic: *jeukaz, *jūkaz
    • Old English: gȳċer
    • Old High German: *jūh (in the compound jūhhart)
      • Middle High German: jiuch
    • >? Gothic: 𐌾𐌿𐌺𐌿𐌶𐌹 (jukuzi) (or from an active perfect participle[3])
  • Proto-Hellenic: *dzéugos
  • Proto-Italic: *jougos
    • Latin: iūgera pl
    • (possibly) → Italic: *jougVstos, *jougVstād

References

  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “iungō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 314
  2. ^ Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, page 398
  3. ^ Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the 3rd ed. of Feist’s dictionary, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 212-3
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