bok

bok

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Bonjo.

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Bonjo terms

• (General American) IPA^(key): /bɒk/
• (Received Pronunciation, General South African) IPA^(key): /bɒk/
• Rhymes: -ɒk

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

From Afrikaans bok. Doublet of buck. Compare German Bock (“willingness, desire”).

bok

1. (South Africa, slang) Keen or willing.

   "Do you want to go to the movies?" "Ja, I'm bok."

Imitative

bok

1. The clucking sound of a chicken.

   Alternative form: bawk

   • 2000, William S Pollack, Todd Shuster, Real boys' voices:

     And he says, "Chicken! Bok bok bok bok!" One time I got up and put the controller down and we started fighting.

   • 2004, Andrew Bennett, Nicholas Royle, An introduction to literature, criticism and theory:

     So the librarian gives the chicken a book. The chicken goes away, but comes back the next day, goes up to the librarian's desk and says: 'Bok, bok!'

bok (third-person singular simple present boks, present participle bokking, simple past and past participle bokked)

1. To make the clucking sound of a chicken.

• KBO, OKB, kob

From Dutch bok (“buck, male goat”), from Middle Dutch boc, from Old Dutch buc, from Proto-Germanic *bukkaz.

• IPA^(key): /bɔk/

• Audio:

  (file)

bok (plural bokke, diminutive bokkie)

1. goat
2. antelope, buck

   Synonym: wildsbok

3. (slang) lover (term of affection)

   Synonym: bokkie

4. (gymnastics) vaulting horse
5. blunder

• → Xhosa: ibhokhwe

bok (attributive bokke, comparative bokker, superlative bokste)

1. keen, willing

From Philippine English bok, from bunk, shortened from bunkmate.

• Hyphenation: bok

bok

1. one's batchmate or classmate in the Philippine Military Academy

Attested as bayuk in the 17th century.

bōk (alienable)

1. creek, stream
2. river

possessive (alienable)	singular	paucal	plural
first-person ("my, our")	a̱bōk	pi̱bōk	hapi̱bōk
second-person ("thy, your")	chi̱bōk	hachi̱bōk
third-person ("his, her, its, their")	i̱bōk

	absolute	nominative	accusative	oblique
neutral	bōk	bōkat	bōka̱	bōkak
contrastive	bōkakō	bōkakōsh	bōkako̱	bōkakakō
		bōkato	bōkano
focus	bōkō			bōkakō
		bōkōsh	bōko̱

-ma "that, there"	-pa "this, here"	-kia "also, too"	-ba "only"	-ōk "but"	-akhī pejorative
bōkma	bōkpa	bōk(ak)kia	bōkba	bōkōk	bōkakhī

• bokushi

• → Cajun French: bogue
  • → English: bogue

Inherited from Old Czech bok, from Proto-Slavic *bokъ.

• IPA^(key): [ˈbok]

• Audio:

  (file)

bok m inan (diminutive boček or bůček)

1. side
2. flank
3. (anatomy) hip

• “bok”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “bok”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “bok”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

• IPA^(key): /bɔk/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: bok
• Rhymes: -ɔk

From Middle Dutch boc, from Old Dutch buc, from Proto-West Germanic *bukk, from Proto-Germanic *bukkaz.

bok m (plural bokken, diminutive bokje n)

1. male goat, billy

   Synonym: geitenbok

2. buck, horse or pony; strong contraption on legs, resembling a mount
   1. (gymnastics) vaulting horse
   2. sawbuck

      Synonym: zaagbok

   3. a crane on legs
3. box, perch (driver's seat on a carriage)
4. (printing) job case, type case
5. (derogatory) churl, grouch
6. (derogatory) oaf, bumpkin

• Afrikaans: bok
  • → Xhosa: ibhokhwe
• Negerhollands: bok
• Sranan Tongo: boko, bokoboko
  • Aukan: boko boko

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

bok

1. inflection of bokken:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
   3. imperative

Proposed etymologies include Lokono bo-kia (“emphatic 'you'”), Lokono Lokono (“people, Arawak”), Portuguese botoque (“lip plate”), Portuguese bugre (“derogatory term for an Amerindian”). Compare English buck (“a black or Native American man”).

bok m (plural bokken, diminutive bokje n, feminine bokkin)

1. (Suriname, obsolete) Amerindian person
   • 1907, F.P. Penard, A.P. Penard, De menschetende aanbidders der zonneslang [The man-eating worshippers of the sun snake]‎^[1], Paramaribo: H.B. Heyde, pages 49-50:

     Dat echter een afgerichte negerslaaf beter te gebruiken was dan 50 Bokken klinkt wel wat ongelooflijk, in aanmerking genomen, dat thans nog algemeen onder de negers het verhaal de ronde doet, dat de weggeloopen slaven veel banger waren voor de Indianen dan voor de blanken of negersoldaten. Inderdaad in Demerara waren het de Bokken, die daar de vorming van onafhankelijk negerstaten belet hebben.

     However, that a trained Negro slave was more useful than fifty Amerindians sounds somewhat incredible, considering that even now the story is widely told among Negroes that runaway slaves were much more afraid of Indians than whites or Negro soldiers. Indeed, in Demerara, it were the Amerindians who prevented the formation of independent Negro nations.

• Berbice Creole Dutch: boko
• → Guyanese Creole English: buck
• → Trinidadian Creole English: buck

Borrowed from Caribbean Javanese mbok.

bok f (uncountable)

1. (Suriname, dated) Form of address for a Javanese woman

Borrowed from German Bock.

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɔk/
• Rhymes: -ɔk
• Syllabification: bok

bok m animal

1. buck, he-goat

   Synonym: kòzeł

• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011), “kozioł”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[2]

From Proto-Slavic *bokъ. Cognate with Upper Sorbian bok, Polish bok, Czech bok, Russian бок (bok), and Serbo-Croatian bȍk.

• IPA^(key): /bɔk/
• Homophones: bog, Bog

bok m inan

1. side (bounding straight edge of an object; flat surface of an object; left or right half; surface of a sheet of paper)
2. page (one side of a leaf of a book)
3. (chiefly in the dual) breast (organs on the front of a woman’s chest, which contain the mammary glands)

   Synonym: prědk

• Alternative locative singular: boce

• Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928), “bok”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
• Starosta, Manfred (1999), “bok”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

From buhok, compare Tagalog buhok.

bok

1. head hair

• (phonetics) IPA^(key): [pˠokʷ]
• (phonemic) IPA^(key): /pˠekʷ/
• Bender phonemes: {bȩkʷ}

bok

1. blister
2. chicken pox

• (phonetics) IPA^(key): [pˠokʷ]
• (phonemic) IPA^(key): /pˠekʷ/
• Bender phonemes: {bȩkʷ}

bok

1. bladder

From English book.

• (phonetics) IPA^(key): [pˠokʷ]
• (phonemic) IPA^(key): /pˠekʷ/
• Bender phonemes: {bȩkʷ}

bok (construct form bokin)

1. book

• (phonetics) IPA^(key): [pˠɔkʷ]
• (phonemic) IPA^(key): /pˠɛkʷ/
• Bender phonemes: {bekʷ}

bok

1. sand
2. sandspit
3. sandbar

• Marshallese–English Online Dictionary

• boc, boke, book, booke, buk, buke

From Old English bōc, in turn from Proto-West Germanic *bōk, from Proto-Germanic *bōks.

• IPA^(key): /boːk/

bok (plural bokes)

1. A document, especially if extensive and composed of bound pages:
   • c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)‎^[3], published c. 1410, Apocalips 10:10, page 120v, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

     ⁊ I took þe book of þe aũgels hond ⁊ deuourıde ıt .· ⁊ ıt was ĩ my mouþ as ſwete as hony / ⁊ whãne I hadde deuorıde ıt .· my wombe was bıttır […]

     And I took the document from the angel's hand and consumed it; it seemed sweet like honey in my mouth, but when I'd eaten it, my stomach felt bitter.

   1. A notebook; a document kept empty for spontaneous use.
   2. A legal or governmental record or register.
   3. An account book or ledger; a financial record.
2. A book; an extended written work:
   • c. 1180, Orͬm, “[Preface]”, in Orͬmulum (Bodleian MS. Junius 1), Bourne Abbey, Lincolnshire, folio 9, recto; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 2019 January 10:

     Þiſſ boc ıſſ nẽ̃nedd. orͬmulũ⹎ forͬþı ꝥ orͬm ıtt ƿrohhte⹎ ⁊ ıtt ıſſ ƿrohͪt off quaþþrıꟑan. off ꟑoddſpellbokeſſ foƿƿre.

     This book is called the "Ormulum" since Orm made it. It's made out of a quadriga; out of the four Gospels […]

   1. A volume or fascicle of a larger work.
   2. A particular book (especially the Bible)
3. (figuratively) Knowledge, ethics or a source of them.

• bochous
• bocstaff
• landbok

• English: book (see there for further descendants)

  Geordie: buik, beuk, byuk

• Scots: buik, beuk, buke, beuck
• Yola: buke

• “bọ̄k, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

• buk

From Old Saxon bōk, from Proto-West Germanic *bōk, from Proto-Germanic *bōks.

• Stem vowel: ô¹
  • (originally) IPA^(key): /boːk/

bôk n

1. book
2. beechnut

• Low German:

  Dutch Low Saxon: book

  German Low German: Book

• Plautdietsch: Buak

• bog (non-standard since 1907)

From Old Norse bók (“beech, book”), from Proto-Germanic *bōks (“letter”), either from *bōkō (“beech”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos (“beech”), or from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g- (“to divide, distribute, allot”).

• IPA^(key): /buːk/

• Audio:

  (file)

bok f or m (definite singular boka or boken, indefinite plural bøker, definite plural bøkene)

1. book

• One of the nouns whose feminine form is predominant in formal writing.

bok f or m (definite singular boka or boken, indefinite plural boker, definite plural bokene)

1. beech (tree)

• bøk

• “bok” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

• bók (Setesdal, dialects)

From Old Norse bók, from Proto-Germanic *bōks. Akin to English book, German Low German Book.

• IPA^(key): /buːk/, [bu̞ːk]

bok f (definite singular boka, indefinite plural bøker, definite plural bøkene)

1. book

• “bok” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bokъ. First attested in the 13th century.

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /bɔk/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /bɔk/

bok m inan (related adjective bokowy)

1. (anatomy, attested in Masovia, Lesser Poland, Silesia, Greater Poland) side, flank (neither the front nor the back; lateral part of a person or animal)
   • 1937 [Second half of the 15th century], Józef Birkenmajer, editor, Bogarodzica dziewica. Analiza tekstu, treści i formy‎^[4], number C, Warsaw:

     Czyebye dla, czlowyecze, dal bog przeklocz szobye bok, racze, nodze obye

     [Ciebie dla, człowiecze, dał Bog przekłóć sobie bok, ręce, nodze obie]

   • c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 73v:

     Latus […] a lateo lates eyn seyt bok

     [Latus […] a lateo lates eyn seyt bok]

2. side, flank (neither the front nor the back of an object)
   • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎^[5], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 47, 2:

     Zacladana iest weselim wszelika zema gora Syon: boky polnoczi, masto crola welikego (fundatur exultatione universae terrae mons Sion: latera aquilonis, civitas regis magni)

     [Zakładana jest wiesielim wszelikiej ziemie gora Syjon, boki północy, miasto króla wielikiego (fundatur exultatione universae terrae mons Sion: latera aquilonis, civitas regis magni)]

• Polish: bok
• Silesian: bok

• Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “bok”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
• Mańczak, Witold (2017), “bok”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
• Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “bok”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
• Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “bok”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “bok”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
• Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “bok”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk

• buok

From Proto-West Germanic *bōk, from Proto-Germanic *bōks, whence also Old English bōc, Old Frisian bōk, Old High German buoh, Old Norse bók.

bōk f or n

1. book

• Middle Low German: bôk, buk
  • Low German:

    Dutch Low Saxon: book

    German Low German: Book

  • Plautdietsch: Buak

• ᛒᚮᚴ (Runic)

From Old Norse bók, from Proto-Germanic *bōks.

bōk f

1. book

• Swedish: bok
• → Finnish: pyökki

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔk
• Syllabification: bok
• Homophones: Bock, Bok

Inherited from Old Polish bok.

bok m inan (related adjective boczny)

1. (anatomy) side, flank (neither the front nor the back; lateral part of a person, animal)
   1. (Middle Polish) physical or emotional closeness to someone
2. side, flank (neither the front nor the back; lateral part of an object)

   Synonym: strona

3. side (place in space located to the right or left of some central reference point)
4. (geometry) side (segment connecting two vertices of a polygon)
5. side (place out of the way)

   Synonyms: strona, ustronie

6. (obsolete, mining) shaft wall
7. (Middle Polish, collective, metonomically) man; human community; group
8. (Middle Polish) side; Further details are uncertain.
   • 1528, J. Murmelius, Dictionarius‎^[6], page 60:

     Latus Bok

     [Latus Bok]

See bąk.

bok m animal

1. (Kielce) alternative form of bąk (“child”)

• bok in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• bok in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “bok”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• Wiesław Morawski (23.10.2012), “BOK”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “bok”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “bok”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “bok”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 186
• bok in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bokъ.

• IPA^(key): /bôːk/, /bôk/

bȏk or bȍk m inan (Cyrillic spelling бо̑к or бо̏к)

1. side (especially body part)

   bok uz bok ― side by side

2. flank

The accent shift is non-weakened: nȁ bōk.

• Also can occur as a.p. B in western dialects: bȍk, bòka... (Milas 1903:95 (49), ŠRHJ, Kapović 2010).
• Daničić (ARj) provides short falling in plural: bȍkovi, bȍkōvā...
• Older attestations:
  • Vrančić 1595: Book (Lumbus)
  • Micalia 1649: bók
  • Della Bella 1728: Book, ód bokka (Lato)
  • Belostenec 1740: Bòki / (D[ubrovnik]) boczi
  • Stulli 1806: Bōk, okka
• Dialectal attestations:
  • Lužnica (Ćirić): bo̍k, bo̍kovi
  • Mostar (Milas, p.95 (49)): bȍk, bòka
  • Novi Vinodolski (Беличъ, p.209): bȏk, bȍka
  • Susak (Hamm/Hraste/Guberina, p.106): b^uȏk, bŏkȁ [a.p. D?]
  • Varaždin (Lipljin): b'ok, bȏka, [Gpl] bokȏf
  • Vrgada (Jurišić): bȏk, bȍka

From Bog (shortened from a greeting such as Bog s tobom, zdravobog,^[1] etc.) by devoicing of the final consonant typical in Kajkavian dialects.^[2] Attested in Zagreb colloqual usage since mid-20th century.^[3] A widespread alternative etymology proposes a fictional Austrian German greeting mein Bücken (supposedly "my bow"); the etymology is not acceptable, as the greeting is not attested in German,^[4] and the usual loanword adaptation into Croatian would yield a different phonetic form.

• bog

• (Zagreb) IPA^(key): /bok/

bok (Cyrillic spelling бок)

1. (Croatia, Kajkavian) hi

   Synonyms: zdravo, pozdrav, ćao

2. (Croatia, Kajkavian) bye

   Synonyms: zbogom, zdravo, pozdrav, ćao

• ARj = Đuro Daničić, editor (1880–1882), “bȏk”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika‎^[7] (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 1, Zagreb: JAZU, page 518
• Babić, Ivana (2019). Leksikografske dvojbe na jednome školskom primjeru. Hrvatski jezik 6/1.
• ERHJ = Matasović, Ranko (2016), “bok”, in Dunja Brozović Rončević, Dubravka Ivšić Majić, Tijmen Pronk, editors, Etimološki rječnik hrvatskoga jezika [Etymological dictionary of the Croatian language] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes I: A—Nj, Zagreb: Institut za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje, page 73
• Kapović, Mate (2010). Naglasak o-osnova muškoga roda u hrvatskom — povijesni razvoj. Filologija 54.
• Magner, Thomas (1966). A Zagreb Kajkavian Dialect. Penn.: Pennsylvania State University.
• Milas, Matej (1903). Današńi mostarski dijalekat. Rad JAZU 153 (60).

Inherited from Old Polish bok.

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɔk/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔk
• Syllabification: bok

bok m inan (related adjective boczny)

1. side, flank (neither the front nor the back; lateral part of a person, animal, or object)
   1. side curtain by a window
   2. wayside, roadside

• bok in dykcjonorz.eu
• bok in silling.org
• Henryk Jaroszewicz (2022), “bok”, in Zasady pisowni języka śląskiego (in Polish), Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe IKR[i]BL, page 65
• Aleksandra Wencel (2023), “bok”, in Dykcjůnôrz ślų̊sko-polski, page 70

• IPA^(key): /buːk/

• Audio:

  (file)

From Old Swedish bōk, from Old Norse bók, from Proto-Germanic *bōks, of uncertain origin but usually connected to Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵ- (“beech”) or Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g- (“to allot”).

bok c

1. book:
   1. collection of sheets of paper
   2. a work of literature
   3. a major division of a published work

From Old Swedish bōk, from Old Norse bók, from Proto-Germanic *bōkō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos.

bok c

1. beech (tree of the genus Fagus)

• bok in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• bok in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• bok in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

A play on English bunk, shortened from bunkmate.

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈbok/ [ˈbok̚]
• Rhymes: -ok
• Syllabification: bok

bok (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜃ᜔) (military slang)

1. one's batchmate or classmate in the Philippine Military Academy

From Ottoman Turkish بوق (bok, “excrement, dung, turd, shit”), from Old Anatolian Turkish پوخ (poḫ), from Proto-Turkic *bok (“dirt, dung”).
Cognate with Kazakh боқ (boq), Azerbaijani pox, Kyrgyz бок (bok), etc.

• IPA^(key): /bok/

• Audio:

  (file)

bok (definite accusative boku, plural boklar)

1. (vulgar) shit (solid excretory product evacuated from the bowel)

   Synonyms: dışkı, (childish) kaka, thesaurus:dışkı

   Bok ye, amcık!

   Eat shit, cunt!

2. (vulgar) a hard situation

   Öyle bir bokun içindeyim ki şuan.

   I'm so deep in some shit now.

bok

1. (vulgar) shitty, fucking

• “bok”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
• Ayverdi, İlhan (2010), “bok”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “bok”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Borrowed from English box (boks).

• IPA^(key): /bok/

bok (nominative plural boks)

1. box

• bokil (“little box / small box”) (diminutive)
• bokül

• bog
• bök