Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/çajVŋʷ

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

  • *sən (“green, blue”) (per Werner 2002)
  • *son (“green, blue”) (per Starostin 1994-2005)[1]
  • *six-ʌŋ (for Proto-Yeniseian), *sʌˀŋ (for Proto-Ketic, per Vajda-Werner 2022)
  • *çejVŋʷ (for Proto-Yeniseian), *çewjeŋ (for Late Proto-Yeniseian, per Fortescue-Vajda 2022)

Etymology

Composed of *çaj (“night”) +‎ *-Vŋʷ (adjectival suffix), literally, “night-colored”. Compared to Proto-Athabaskan *šəŋʸ, *žəŋʸ (“dark in color, blackish”)[2], Navajo azhiin (“mole”) and Navajo -ZHĮ́Į́ʼ (“black”, nominal root), which demonstrate a common derivation from the shared etymon 'night' to refer to dark colors for both Yeniseian and Dené languages with identical morphology.

Attested Ket forms are reanalyses of the expected *sʲʌˀŋ, where the ending -ŋ is reinterpreted as a plural suffix by the speakers, leading to the plural form *sʲʌˀnʲaŋ.

Adjective

*çajVŋʷ (adjectival form)

  1. a dark color; dark blue-, green- or gray-colored

Descendants

  • Ketic:
    • >? Imbak Ket: sl'umda (“green”) (Ad.)
    • Ket: съʼн (sʲʌˀn, “blue; green; grey; brown”) (Ket speakers do not distinguish between these colors.)[3]
      • Ket: сьъни (sʲʌ́nʲi, “rowan, rowanberry”)[4]
  • Kottic:
    • ⇒ Kott: šueŋa, šuenga (“blue”) (H.)
    • ⇒ Kott: šujanga (“gray, green”) (H.)

See also

Colors in Proto-Yeniseian
     *tajcVŋʷ      *tuwVŋʷ      *çurVŋʷ      *ɢojqowɬVŋʷ              *çajVŋʷ
  • Proto-Yeniseian entry guidelines § Bibliography

References

  1. ^ https://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=647&root=config
  2. ^ Leer, Jeff (1996), Comparative Athabaskan Lexicon‎[1], volume sh/zha-sh/zhe, Alaska Native Language Archive, page 19
  3. ^ Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, page 360
  4. ^ Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, page 360

Further reading

  • Fortescue, Michael; Vajda, Edward (2022), “69.) ~*çej-Vŋʷ”, in Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 358
  • Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), “*sʌˀn”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 2, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 837
  • Vajda, Edward (2024), The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[3], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 381
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002), “s'ʌ́n'ej, s'ʌn's'”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 2, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, pages 220-221
  • Werner, Heinrich (2005), “blue, yellow”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, pages 285, 335
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