Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/çurVŋʷ

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

*sur- (per Werner 2002)
*sur (per Starostin 1994-2005)^[1]
*sūλwesʌŋ (for Proto-Yeniseian), *suλem (for Proto-Ketic, per Vajda-Werner 2022)
*sujrVŋʷ, *šujrVŋʷ (per Fortescue-Vajda 2022)
*s^?ur₂-a (per Cologne group 2023 & 2024. Pattern: s.1-l.3)

Reconstruction notes

Onset t- seen in Arin is problematic, being indicative of either an early loaning from Pumpokolic or a fortition instigated by the palatal onset in stressed position. Compare Arin sur (“blood”) (H.), where *ç- turned into s- in an unstressed environment.

Etymology

Composed of *çur (“blood”) +‎ *-Vŋʷ (adjectival suffix), literally, “blood-colored”.

Adjective

*çurVŋʷ (adjectival form)

red, red-colored

Descendants

Ketic:
- Imbak Ket: súlemam (M., W.), súleman (VW., Kl.), s'ul'uma (Ad.)
  - Ket: сюлем (sʲúlʲem), сюлям (sʲúlʲam)^[2]
Kottic:
- Assan: šurama (M., W., Kl., VW.)
- Kott: šúrama (M., W., Kl., VW.), šurama (H.), šuram (C.)
Arinic:
- Arin: tula (H.), t'uːra (M., W., Kl.), t'gura (Str.)
Pumpokolic:
- Pumpokol: túlsi (M., W., Kl.), túlzi (“yellow, red”) (VW.)

References

^ https://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=662&root=config
^ Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, pages 356-357

Bonmann, Svenja; Fries, Simon; Korobzow, Natalie; Günther, Laura; Hill, Eugen (2023), “'blood'”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part I: Word-Initial Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎^[1], number 5, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 60 of 39-82
Hill, Eugen; Fries, Simon; Korobzow, Natalie; Günther, Laura; Svenja, Bonmann (2024), “'blood'^d”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎^[2], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 266 of 216-293
Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), “*suλem”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 2, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 831
Vajda, Edward (2024), The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎^[3], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN
Werner, Heinrich (2002), “s'úl'ams'/s'úl'ems'”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 2, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 213
Werner, Heinrich (2005), “red”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, pages 315-316

[1] ttps://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=662&root=config

[2] Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, pages 356-357

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