𑀞𑀟𑁆𑀠

Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀩𑁆𑀥 (stabdha, “firm, fixed”), with retroflexion. Further from Proto-Indo-Iranian *stabdʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *stebʰ-tó-s, from the root *stebʰ- (“to stand still”). Compare Pali 𑀣𑀤𑁆𑀥 (thaddha, “hard, firm, slow”). The semantic development went from "firm" to "sluggish" to "cold". Descendants appearing to be from *𑀣𑀁𑀟 (*thaṃḍa), *𑀞𑀁𑀠 (*ṭhaṃḍha), *𑀞𑀁𑀟 (*ṭhaṃḍa) are perhaps via influence from Proto-Dravidian *taṇ (“cool, cold”).

𑀞𑀟𑁆𑀠 (ṭhaḍḍha) (Devanagari ठड्ढ)

1. blunted, cold

• Central Indo-Aryan:
  • Hindustani:
    • Hindi: ठंढ (ṭhaṇḍh), ठंढा (ṭhaṇḍhā), ठंड (ṭhaṇḍ), ठंडा (ṭhaṇḍā)
    • Urdu: ٹھنڈھ (ṭhaṇḍh), ٹھنڈھا (ṭhaṇḍhā), ٹھنڈا (ṭhaṇḍ), ٹھنڈا (ṭhaṇḍā)
• Eastern Indo-Aryan:
  • Bengali: ঠান্ডা (ṭhanḍa)
  • Odia: ଥଣ୍ଡା (thaṇḍā), ଠଣ୍ଡା (ṭhaṇḍā)
• Northern Indo-Aryan:
  • Kumaoni: ठनो (ṭhano)
  • Nepali: ठण्डा (ṭhaṇḍā)
• Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
  • Punjabi: ਠੰਡਾ (ṭhaṇḍā), ਠੰਢਾ (ṭhaṇḍhā)
  • Sindhi: ٿڌو (thadho, “cold”)
• Southern Indo-Aryan:
  • Konkani: थंड (thaṇḍa)
  • Marathi: थंड (thaṇḍa), थंडा (thaṇḍā)
• Western Indo-Aryan:
  • Gujarati: થંડું (thaṇḍũ), ઠંડું (ṭhaṇḍũ), ટાઢું (ṭāḍhũ), તાઢું (tāḍhũ, “sluggish, cold”)

• Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928), “ठड्ढ”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “stabdha”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 788