Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/stebʰ-

*stebʰ-^[1]

1. to stand still
2. to harden

• *stebʰ-h₁-yé-ti (essive present)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    • Lithuanian: stebėti
• *st-né-bʰ-ti ~ *stn̥bʰ-énti (nasal infix)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stámbʰatay (rebuilt)
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *stámbʰatay
      • Sanskrit: स्तम्भते (stámbhate)
        • ⇒ Sanskrit: स्तम्भ (stámbha, “pillar”) (see there for further descendants)
• *stobʰ-néH-ti (transitive perfective)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stabʰnā́ti
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *stabʰnā́ti
      • Sanskrit: स्तभ्नाति (stabhnā́ti, “to support, strengthen”)
• *stebʰ-lóm
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    • >? Proto-Slavic: *stьblò (intertwined with *steybʰ- (“to puncture”), see *stьbъ) (see there for further descendants)
• *stóbʰ-o-s
  • Proto-Germanic: *stabaz (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stabas
    • Latvian: stabs (“pole”)
    • Lithuanian: stãbas (“idol”)
    • Proto-Slavic: *stoborъ (“column”) (+ *-orъ) (see there for further descendants)
• *stebʰ-ró-s
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stabʰrás
    • Proto-Iranian: *stabráh
      • Middle Persian:

        Manichaean script: 𐫙𐫘𐫤𐫁𐫡 (ʾstbr /⁠istabr⁠/)

        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (stabr)

        • Persian: ستبر (setabr)
• *stebʰ-tó-s
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stabdʰás (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations

• Hellenic:
  • >? Ancient Greek: σταφυλή (staphulḗ) (most likely Pre-Greek) (see there for further descendants)
• Indo-Iranian:
  • → Proto-Finnic: *sambas (see there for further descendants)