πίναξ

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Since Fick (1890), considered a native word of Proto-Indo-European origin, cognate with Sanskrit पिनाक (pínāka, “staff, stick”) and Proto-Slavic *pь̏ňь (whence Old Church Slavonic пьнь (pĭnĭ), Russian пень (penʹ, “trunk, stub”)). On the other hand, Beekes inevitably prefers a Pre-Greek origin, though allows that the Slavic terms may be cognate.^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pí.naks/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈpi.naks/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈpi.naks/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈpi.naks/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈpi.naks/

Noun

πῐ́νᾰξ • (pĭ́năx) m (genitive πῐ́νᾰκος); third declension

board, plank
tablet
dish, plate, platter, trencher
board, plate, picture
table of accounts, register
block for sharpening knives

Declension

Third declension of ὁ πῐ́νᾰξ; τοῦ πῐ́νᾰκος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ πῐ́νᾰξ ho pĭ́năx	τὼ πῐ́νᾰκε tṑ pĭ́năke	οἱ πῐ́νᾰκες hoi pĭ́năkes
Genitive	τοῦ πῐ́νᾰκος toû pĭ́năkos	τοῖν πῐνᾰ́κοιν toîn pĭnắkoin	τῶν πῐνᾰ́κων tôn pĭnắkōn
Dative	τῷ πῐ́νᾰκῐ tōî pĭ́năkĭ	τοῖν πῐνᾰ́κοιν toîn pĭnắkoin	τοῖς πῐ́νᾰξῐ / πῐ́νᾰξῐν toîs pĭ́năxĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸν πῐ́νᾰκᾰ tòn pĭ́năkă	τὼ πῐ́νᾰκε tṑ pĭ́năke	τοὺς πῐ́νᾰκᾰς toùs pĭ́năkăs
Vocative	πῐ́νᾰξ pĭ́năx	πῐ́νᾰκε pĭ́năke	πῐ́νᾰκες pĭ́năkes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

πινάκιον (pinákion)
πινακίς (pinakís)
πινακόγραφος (pinakógraphos)
πινακοθήκη (pinakothḗkē)

Descendants

Byzantine Greek: πινάκι (pináki)
- → Italian: pinace (learned)
Greek: πίνακας (pínakas)
→ Aramaic: פינכא (pinkaʾ)
- → Classical Syriac: ܦܝܢܟܐ (pīnḵā)
  - → Persian: پنگان (pengân) (learned) (if not directly borrowed from Ancient Greek)
    - → Arabic: فِنْجَان (finjān)
      - → Persian: فنجان (fenjân)
      - → Ottoman Turkish: فنجان (fincan)
        Turkish: fincan
→ English: pinak-, pinac-
→ Hebrew: פנקס (learned)
→ Italian: pinax (learned)
→ Latin: pinax (learned)
→ Old Armenian: պնակ (pnak)
- Armenian: պնակ (pnak)
  - → Udi: пӏинаькӏ (ṗinäḳ) (learned) (if not directly borrowed from Ancient Greek)
→ Old Georgian: პინაკი (ṗinaḳi), პინაგი (ṗinagi)
- Georgian: პინა (ṗina), → პინაკი (ṗinaḳi) (learned)
→ Ossetian: фынг (fyng) (learned) (possibly)
⇒ Translingual: Pinacodera

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “πίναξ, -ακος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1192-3

πίναξ, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
“πίναξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“πίναξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“πίναξ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
πίναξ in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
πίναξ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
G4094 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- board idem, page 86.
- chart idem, page 126.
- letter idem, page 486.
- map idem, page 513.
- paper idem, page 591.
- register idem, page 687.
- slate idem, page 782.
- tablet idem, page 851.
Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979), “պնակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 92b
Boisacq, Émile (1916), “πίναξ”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (in French), Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 785
Chantraine, Pierre (1968–1980), “πίναξ”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (in French), Paris: Klincksieck, page 903ab
Fick, August (1890), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), 4th edition, volume I, bearbeitet von Adalbert Bezzenberger, August Fick, Whitley Stokes, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, pages 83, 482
Frisk, Hjalmar (1970), “πίναξ”, in Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 539
Hofmann, J. B. (1949), “πίναξ”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Griechischen‎^[2] (in German), Munich: R. Oldenbourg, page 270
Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 830

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “πίναξ, -ακος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1192-3

[1]