پنگان

See also: پنكان

Persian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Ancient Greek πίναξ (pínax)bor.

Aramaic פִּינְכָא (pīnəkā)

Classical Syriac ܦܝܢܟܐ (pīnəḵā)bor.

Persian

Presumed to be borrowed, alongside Ossetian фынг (fyng), фингӕ (fingæ, “table”),^[1] from Ancient Greek πίναξ (pínax), πίνακος (pínakos, “wooden plank, dish, writing table”),^[2] possibly via Classical Syriac ܦܝܢܟܐ (pinkā).^[3] Perhaps cognate with Sanskrit पिनाक (pínāka, “staff, stick”).^[4] Whereas according to Vinson this is all from a compound of Middle Chinese, Mandarin 瓫 (pén, “flat dish”)) and 盎 (àng, “wide-bellied bowl”) (perhaps instead 銀 / 银 (yín, “silver”), 案 (àn, “desk, table”)?), however not attested, so alternatively he suggests 平安 (píng'ān, “tranquil, safe”) printed onto Chinese household appliances like vases.^[5]

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /pin.ˈɡaːn/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [pʰɪŋ.ɡɑ́ːn]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [pʰɪŋ.ɡɑ́ːn]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [pʰiŋ.ɡɔ́ːn]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [pʰeŋ.ɡɒ́ːn]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [pʰiŋ.ɡɔ́n]

Readings
Classical reading^?	pingān
Dari reading^?	pingān
Iranian reading^?	pengân
Tajik reading^?	pingon

Noun

پنگان • (pingān / pengân) (Tajik spelling пингон)

cup; bowl
water clock, clepsydra

Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

→ Arabic: فِنْجَان (finjān) (see there for further descendants)
→ Bikol Central: pinggán
→ Cebuano: pinggan
→ Khumi Chin: pangkae
→ Maguindanao: pinggán / ڤنغن
→ Malagasy: zíngga, zìnga
→ Malay: pinggan / ڤيڠݢن
- Indonesian: pinggan
→ Maranao: pinggan
→ Mapun: pinggán
→ Tagalog: pinggán
→ Tamil: பீங்கான் (pīṅkāṉ)
→ Tausug: pinggan
→ Toba Batak: pinggan
→ Ottoman Turkish: پنگان (pingân)
→ Waray-Waray: pinggán

References

^ Abajev, V. I. (1958–1995), Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press
^ Asatrian, Garnik (2011), “fenjū”, in A Comparative Vocabulary of Central Iranian Dialects‎^[1] (in Persian), Tehran: Safir Ardehal Publications, page 149
^ Nöldeke, Theodor (1892), Persische Studien (Sitzungsberichte der Kais. Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse; 126)‎^[2] (in German), volume II, Vienna, →DOI, page 38
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 830
^ Vinson, Julien (1903), Manuel de la langue tamoule (grammaire, textes, vocabulaire), Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, Ernest Leroux, page 21

[1] Abajev, V. I. (1958–1995), Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press

[2] Asatrian, Garnik (2011), “fenjū”, in A Comparative Vocabulary of Central Iranian Dialects‎^[1] (in Persian), Tehran: Safir Ardehal Publications, page 149

[3] Nöldeke, Theodor (1892), Persische Studien (Sitzungsberichte der Kais. Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse; 126)‎^[2] (in German), volume II, Vienna, →DOI, page 38

[4] Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 830

[5] Vinson, Julien (1903), Manuel de la langue tamoule (grammaire, textes, vocabulaire), Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, Ernest Leroux, page 21

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