ybyrá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨβɨra. Sense 5 is a semantic loan from Portuguese madeiro. Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní and Paraguayan Guaraní yvyra.

• IPA^(key): [ɨ.βɨˈɾa]
• Rhymes: -a
• Hyphenation: y‧by‧rá

ybyrá (unpossessable)

1. tree

   Synonym: 'yba

   • 1622, anonymous author, “Pe, pello grosso da aruore, masto, etc.”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 68; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

     Igbigraîpigpeain

     [Ybyraypype aín]

     I stood by a tree trunk.

2. wood^[1]
   • 1618, Antônio de Araújo, chapter IIII, in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], Livro Segundo do Cathecismo, e summa da Doctrina Christam [… ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 41v:

     Igbirâ caramemoâ, Igaruçû nungara, y xupê goemimonhang-ucâroera pupê ymo arûcâ.

     [Ybyrá karamemûã, ygarusu nungara, i xupé gûemimonhangukarûera pupé i mo'aruká.]

     Making they embark a wooden ark, similar to a large canoe, of his own work.

     Araújo chose karamemûã (“box”) as a translation for “Noah's ark”, resulting in the same polysemy of Portuguese arca.

   • c. 1628, Luís Figueira, “De algũas dições, que ſos per ſi nao ſignificão; mas juntas a outras partes da oração, lhe dão ſentido differente”, in Arte da lingua Braſilica [Art of the Brasílica Language]‎^[1] (overall work in Portuguese), Lisbon: Manuel da Silva, page 79:

     […] Aybyrá áb […]

     [ […] Aybira'ab […] ]

     I cut wood.

3. stick^[2]
   • c. 1628, Luís Figueira, “Da Prepoſição 5. parte da oração”, in Arte da lingua Braſilica [Art of the Brasílica Language]‎^[2] (overall work in Portuguese), Lisbon: Manuel da Silva, page 67v:

     Ainupã xerayra ybyrà pupè […]

     [Aînupã xe ra'yra ybyrá pupé […] ]

     I whipped my son with a stick.

   • c. 1585, Joseph of Anchieta, “[Na Aldeia de Guaraparim] [In the Village of Guaraparim]” (chapter LXIV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ] [Booklet of various poems], Guarapari, page 154r, column 2, lines 540–544; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 292:

     Tiguirõ racipeê / cunha eremõdamõda / Marani noicoj yepe / ereropoar ibira / deremirico rece

     [Tygûyrõ rasype é / kunhã eremondamondá / Marani n'oîkóî îepé / ereropuar ybyrá / nde remirekó resé]

     Did you, by pain of the jealousy, kept suspecting of women? Despite her not acting in malice, you beat your spouse with a stick.

4. (metonymic) fence; outer wall^[3]

   Synonym: ka'aysá

6. (Christianity) cross

   Synonyms: îoasaba, krusá, ybyraîekunasaba

   • 16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “Cãtiga & el ſin Vẽtura” (chapter XXV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ] [Booklet of various poems], page 26, column 1, lines 8–14; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 61:

     yãde anga rauçupape / ibira pupe omanomo / yãde repimeẽgape / anhãgape oyemoiromo / yãde rauçupa / yãde raromo / yãde anga piciromo.

     [îandé 'anga raûsupape / ybyrá pupé omanõmo; / îandé repyme'engape, / anhangape oîemoyrõmo, / îandé raûsupa, / îandé rarõmo / îandé 'anga pysyrõmo.]

     Because of his love for our soul, he dies on the cross; to give us the remission, infuriating himself because of the devil, loving us, looking after us, saving our soul.

• Nheengatu: mirá
• → Portuguese: Ibirá, Iburá

• Navarro, Eduardo de Almeida (2013), “ybyrá”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 520, columns 1–2