Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tęgnǫti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ten-

Proto-Indo-European *tengʰ-der.

Proto-Balto-Slavic *tingteider.

Proto-Slavic *tęťi

Proto-Indo-European *-né-der.

Proto-Slavic *-nǫti

Proto-Slavic *tęgnǫti

From the root of *tęťi (“to pull”) +‎ *-nǫti.

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian ti̇̀ngti (“to become slow”) (3sg. ti̇̀ngsta), tingė́ti (“to be lazy”) (3sg. ti̇̀ngi).

Indo-European cognates include Old Norse þyngja (“burden”), þīsl (“drawbar, shaft”), Old High German dīhsala (“drawbar, shaft”), Latin tēmō (“drawbar, shaft”) < *tenk-smō.

Verb

*tęgnǫti impf

to pull

Inflection

Conjugation of *tęgnǫti, *tęgnǫ, *tęgnetь (impf., -n-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*tęgnovenьje	*tęgnǫti	*tęgnǫtъ	*tęgnǫlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*tęgnovenъ	*tęgnomъ
Active	*tęgnǫvъ	*tęgny

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tęgnǫxъ	*tęgnǫ	*tęgnǫ	*tęgnǫ	*tęgneši	*tęgnetь
Dual	*tęgnǫxově	*tęgnǫsta	*tęgnǫste	*tęgnevě	*tęgneta	*tęgnete
Plural	*tęgnǫxomъ	*tęgnǫste	*tęgnǫšę	*tęgnemъ	*tęgnete	*tęgnǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tęgněaxъ	*tęgněaše	*tęgněaše	—	*tęgni	*tęgni
Dual	*tęgněaxově	*tęgněašeta	*tęgněašete	*tęgněvě	*tęgněta	—
Plural	*tęgněaxomъ	*tęgněašete	*tęgněaxǫ	*tęgněmъ	*tęgněte	—

Related terms

*tędzati (“to pull, extract”)
*tęgъ, *tęga (“traction, weight”)
*tęťi (“to pull”)
*tęželъ
*tęžьkъ (“heavy”)
*tǫga (“sadness”)
*tǫgъ (“tight, solid, tough”)

Derived terms

*natęgnǫti

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: тѧгнѫти (tęgnǫti), тѧнѫти (tęnǫti)
  - Belarusian: цягну́ць (cjahnúcʹ)
  - Russian: тяну́ть (tjanútʹ)
  - Ukrainian: тягну́ти (tjahnúty)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: тѧгнѫти (tęgnǫti)
- Bulgarian: те́гна (tégna)
- Macedonian: тегне (tegne)
- Slovene: tė́gniti (“to provide, to stretch”) (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: táhnúti, tiehnúti (later)
  - Czech: táhnout, tíhnout
- Old Polish: ciągnąć
  - Polish: ciągnąć, ciognąć (“to lead, to guide”) (Central Greater Poland, Poznań, Obornik)
  - Silesian: ciōngnōńć, ciōngnyć
- Slovak: tiahnuť
- Polabian: tągnǫt
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: cygnąc
  - Slovincian: cygnõc
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: śěgnuś
  - Upper Sorbian: ćahnyć

References

Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999), “тяну́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 278
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*tęgnǫti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 493
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “тя́га”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress