फल
Hindi
Etymology
Etymology tree
Inherited from Prakrit 𑀨𑀮 (phala), from Sanskrit फल (phála), commonly considered a borrowing from Proto-Dravidian *paẓam (“ripe fruit”). Cognate with Gujarati ફળ (phaḷ), Nepali फल (phal), Marathi फळ (phaḷ), Marwari फळ (phaḷ).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /pʰəl/, [pʰɐl]
Audio (Delhi): (file) - Rhymes: -əl
Noun
फल • (phal) m (Urdu spelling پھل)
- fruits
- वह पक्का फल खाने में अच्छा था।
- vah pakkā phal khāne mẽ acchā thā.
- The ripe fruit was good to eat.
- result, outcome
- Synonym: परिणाम (pariṇām)
- उसने अपने परिश्रम के फल का उपभोग किया।
- usne apne pariśram ke phal kā upbhog kiyā.
- He enjoyed the results of his labor.
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | फल phal |
फल phal |
| oblique | फल phal |
फलों phalõ |
| vocative | फल phal |
फलो phalo |
References
- Bahri, Hardev (1989), “फल”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “phála”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Nepali
Etymology 1
Etymology tree
Inherited from Prakrit 𑀨𑀮 (phala), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀨𑀮 (phala), from Sanskrit फल (phala), possibly borrowed from Proto-Dravidian *paẓam.
Pronunciation
Noun
फल • (phal)
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [pʰʌlʌ]
- Phonetic Devanagari: फलअ
Verb
फल • (phala)
- second-person mid respect singular imperative of फल्नु (phalnu)
References
- “फल”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary][2], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
- Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993), “फल”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar
Old Awadhi
Etymology
Etymology tree
Inherited from Prakrit 𑀨𑀮 (phala), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀨𑀮 (phala), from Sanskrit फल (phala), possibly borrowed from Proto-Dravidian *paẓam.
Noun
फल (phala)
- fruit
- c. 1500s CE, Tulsīdās, Hanumān Cālīsā:
- बरनउँ रघुबर बिमल जसु जो दायकु फल चारि
- baranaüm̐ raghubara bimala jasu jo dāyaku phala cāri
- I describe the unblemished glory of Rama, which bestows the four fruits
- बरनउँ रघुबर बिमल जसु जो दायकु फल चारि
Old Gujarati
Etymology
Etymology tree
Inherited from Prakrit 𑀨𑀮 (phala), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀨𑀮 (phala), from Sanskrit फल (phala), possibly borrowed from Proto-Dravidian *paẓam.
Noun
फल • (phala) n
Descendants
References
- Ernest Bender (1951), Nalarāyadavadantīcarita [Adventures of King Nala and Davadantī], Independence Square, Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, page 358.
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
Noun
फल n
- Devanagari script form of phala
Declension
Declension table of "फल" (neuter)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | फलं (phalaṃ) | फलानि (phalāni) |
| Accusative (second) | फलं (phalaṃ) | फलानि (phalāni) |
| Instrumental (third) | फलेन (phalena) | फलेहि (phalehi) or फलेभि (phalebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | फलस्स (phalassa) or फलाय (phalāya) or फलत्थं (phalatthaṃ) | फलानं (phalānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | फलस्मा (phalasmā) or फलम्हा (phalamhā) or फला (phalā) | फलेहि (phalehi) or फलेभि (phalebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | फलस्स (phalassa) | फलानं (phalānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | फलस्मिं (phalasmiṃ) or फलम्हि (phalamhi) or फले (phale) | फलेसु (phalesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | फल (phala) | फलानि (phalāni) |
Rajbanshi
Etymology
Etymology tree
Inherited from Prakrit 𑀨𑀮 (phala), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀨𑀮 (phala), from Sanskrit फल (phala), possibly borrowed from Proto-Dravidian *paẓam.
Noun
फल (phal) (classifier ड, plural फलला)
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
1=फलPlease see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
Alternative scripts
- ফল (Assamese script)
- ᬨᬮ (Balinese script)
- ফল (Bengali script)
- 𑰣𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀨𑀮 (Brahmi script)
- ဖလ (Burmese script)
- ફલ (Gujarati script)
- ਫਲ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌫𑌲 (Grantha script)
- ꦦꦭ (Javanese script)
- 𑂤𑂪 (Kaithi script)
- ಫಲ (Kannada script)
- ផល (Khmer script)
- ຜລ (Lao script)
- ഫല (Malayalam script)
- ᡦᠠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘣𑘩 (Modi script)
- ᠹᠠᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧃𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐦𑐮 (Newa script)
- ଫଲ (Odia script)
- ꢧꢭ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆦𑆬 (Sharada script)
- 𑖣𑖩 (Siddham script)
- ඵල (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩱𑩽 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚟𑚥 (Takri script)
- ப²ல (Tamil script)
- ఫల (Telugu script)
- ผล (Thai script)
- ཕ་ལ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒤𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨟𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Etymology tree
Proto-Dravidian *paẓambor.?
Sanskrit फल (phala)
Uncertain. Often considered a borrowing from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *paẓam (“ripe fruit”), from *paẓV- (“to ripen, become mature”) (compare Tamil பழம் (paḻam), Malayalam പഴം (paḻaṁ), Telugu పండు (paṇḍu) and Kannada ಹಣ್ಣು (haṇṇu)). However, Mayrhofer says nothing speaks for that and instead groups it with the family of words derived from the root फल् (phal, “to coagulate, become thick”). It might derive from Proto-Indo-European *(s)bʰel- (“to swell”) (with devoicing due to Siebs's law with an s-mobile).[1]
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /pʰɐ́.lɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /pʰɐ.l̪ɐ/
Noun
फल • (phála) stem, n [2]
- fruit
- kernel or seed of a fruit
- profit, gain, reward
- interest on capital
- compensation
- booty
- (figuratively) result, yield, consequence, effect, retribution
- benefit, enjoyment
- (rhetoric) the issue or end of an action
- (mathematics) result of a calculation
- product or quotient
- (mathematics, arithmetics) mean ― The third term in the rule of three or cross-multiplication
- (mathematics, geometry) area or superficial contents of a figure
- corrective equation
- menstrual discharge, menses, periods
- Synonym: प्रसव (prasava)
- gift, donation
- gameboard
- blade (of fan, etc.)
- vane, weathervane (of wind mill)
- arrowhead
- shield
- ploughshare
- a point or spot on a die
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | फलम् (phálam) | फले (phále) | फलानि (phálāni) फला¹ (phálā¹) |
| accusative | फलम् (phálam) | फले (phále) | फलानि (phálāni) फला¹ (phálā¹) |
| instrumental | फलेन (phálena) | फलाभ्याम् (phálābhyām) | फलैः (phálaiḥ) फलेभिः¹ (phálebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | फलाय (phálāya) | फलाभ्याम् (phálābhyām) | फलेभ्यः (phálebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | फलात् (phálāt) | फलाभ्याम् (phálābhyām) | फलेभ्यः (phálebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | फलस्य (phálasya) | फलयोः (phálayoḥ) | फलानाम् (phálānām) |
| locative | फले (phále) | फलयोः (phálayoḥ) | फलेषु (pháleṣu) |
| vocative | फल (phála) | फले (phále) | फलानि (phálāni) फला¹ (phálā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
- अफल (aphalá)
- फलकोश (phalakośa, “scrotum”)
- फलपाक (phalapāka, “jam”)
- फलयोग (phalayoga, “reward”)
- फलरस (phalarasa, “juice”)
- फलवत् (phalavat, “fruit bearing”)
- फलसार (phalasāra, “pulp”)
- फलापण (phalāpaṇa, “fruit shop”)
- फलावाप्तये (phalāvāptaye, “for attaining the fruit”)
- फलिन् (phalín)
Related terms
Descendants
Noun
फल • (phala) stem, m [2]
- coral swirl (Wrightia antidysenterica)
- Synonyms: काही (kāhī), शनपर्णी (śanaparṇī), गिरिमल्लिका (girimallikā), कौटज (kauṭaja), वृक्षक (vṛkṣaka), शक्रपादप (śakrapādapa), सङ्ग्राहिन् (saṅgrāhin), वत्सक (vatsaka), वरतिक्त (varatikta), कुटज (kuṭaja), शक्रपर्याय (śakraparyāya), कोहिन् (kohin), शक्र (śakra), भद्रज (bhadraja), वत्साह्वय (vatsāhvaya), तिक्त (tikta), महागन्ध (mahāgandha), कौट (kauṭa), शक्रवृक्ष (śakravṛkṣa), वृक्ष (vṛkṣa), कूटज (kūṭaja), प्रावृषेण्य (prāvṛṣeṇya), कलिङ्ग (kaliṅga), प्रावृष्य (prāvṛṣya), कालिङ्गक (kāliṅgaka), यवफल (yavaphala), पाण्डुरद्रुम (pāṇḍuradruma), कालिङ्ग (kāliṅga)
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | फलः (phalaḥ) | फलौ (phalau) फला¹ (phalā¹) |
फलाः (phalāḥ) फलासः¹ (phalāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | फलम् (phalam) | फलौ (phalau) फला¹ (phalā¹) |
फलान् (phalān) |
| instrumental | फलेन (phalena) | फलाभ्याम् (phalābhyām) | फलैः (phalaiḥ) फलेभिः¹ (phalebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | फलाय (phalāya) | फलाभ्याम् (phalābhyām) | फलेभ्यः (phalebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | फलात् (phalāt) | फलाभ्याम् (phalābhyām) | फलेभ्यः (phalebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | फलस्य (phalasya) | फलयोः (phalayoḥ) | फलानाम् (phalānām) |
| locative | फले (phale) | फलयोः (phalayoḥ) | फलेषु (phaleṣu) |
| vocative | फल (phala) | फलौ (phalau) फला¹ (phalā¹) |
फलाः (phalāḥ) फलासः¹ (phalāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 201-2
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Monier Williams (1899), “फल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 716, columns 2-3.
Further reading
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025), “phala”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.