vȯidõ

Livonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *hoitadak.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈvɤidə/, [ˈvɤ̯iˑd̪ə]

Verb

vȯidõ

  1. (transitive, usually atelic) to hold (onto)
  2. (intransitive) to keep, stay
  3. (transitive, usually atelic) to treat, handle
  4. (transitive, usually atelic) to care for, take care of
  5. (transitive, usually atelic) to protect, guard, spare (from damage, etc.)

Conjugation

Conjugation of vȯidõ (27)
infinitive vȯidõ supine vȱidam active participle vȯidõn
gerund vȯidõs supine abessive vȱidamõt passive participle vȯidtõd
singular (ikšlu’g) plural (pǟgiņlu’g)
1st person
(e’žmi pärsōn)
2nd person
(tuoi pärsōn)
3rd person
(kuolmõz pärsōn)
1st person
(e’žmi pärsōn)
2nd person
(tuoi pärsōn)
3rd person
(kuolmõz pärsōn)
indicative ma sa ta mēg tēg ne
present
(paldīņāiga)
vȱidab vȱidad vȱidab vȱidam vȱidat vȱidabõd
past
(lǟ’ndāiga)
vȱidiz vȱidizt vȱidiz vȱidizmõ vȱidizt
vȱidiztõ
vȱidizt
vȱidiztõ
future
perfect
līb vȯidõn līd vȯidõn līb vȯidõn līm(õ) vȯidõnd līt(õ) vȯidõnd lībõd vȯidõnd
indicative
negative
ma sa ta mēg tēg ne
present
(paldīņāiga)
ä’b vȯid ä’d vȯid ä’b vȯid ä’b vȱidam ät vȱidat ä’b vȱidat
past
(lǟ’ndāiga)
i’z vȯid i’zt vȯid i’z vȯid i’z vȱidam i’zt vȱidat i’zt vȱidat
future
perfect
ä’b vȯidõn ä’d vȯidõn ä’b vȯidõn ä’b līm(õ) vȯidõnd ät līt(õ) vȯidõnd ä’b līt(õ) vȯidõnd
(sa) (mēg) (tēg)
imperative 1 vȱida! 1 (vȱidagõm!2) vȱidagid! 1
imperative negative 3 alā vȯidõ! 3 (algõm vȱidagõm!2) algid vȱidagid! 3
ma sa ta mēg tēg ne
conditional vȱidaks vȱidakst vȱidaks vȱidaksmõ vȱidakstõ vȱidakstõ
conditional negative ä’b vȱidaks ä’d vȱidakst ä’b vȱidaks ä’b vȱidaksmõ ät vȱidakstõ ä’b vȱidakstõ
jussive vȱidag vȱidag vȱidag vȱidagõd vȱidagõd vȱidagõd
jussive negative algõ vȱidag algõ vȱidag algõ vȱidag algõd vȱidagõd algõd vȱidagõd algõd vȱidagõd
quotative vȱidaji vȱidaji vȱidaji vȱidajid vȱidajid vȱidajid
debitive mi’nnõn si’nnõn tä’mmõn mä’ddõn tä’ddõn näntõn
u’m vȱidamõst u’m vȱidamõst u’m vȱidamõst u’m vȱidamõst u’m vȱidamõst u’m vȱidamõst

1) imperative-like constructions possible with la’z (so that) + jussive: la’z ma/ta vȱidag, la’z ne vȱidagõd
2) rare, using indicative present more common, la’z + jussive construction possible: la’z mēg vȱidagõd
3) possible to imply an indirect request by using jussive negative: algõ ma/ta vȱidag, algõd ne vȱidagõd

References

  • Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “vȯidõ”, in Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary]‎[1] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra