sōdõ

Livonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *saadak.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsɒːdə/, [ˈsɒːd̪ə]

Verb

sǭdõ

  1. (intransitive) to get
  2. (auxiliary) can, be able to [with infinitive; or with supine]
  3. (intransitive) to get, become [with instrumental]
  4. (intransitive) to come to pass, come about
  5. (intransitive) to be; used to form passive constructions [with passive participle]

Conjugation

Conjugation of sǭdõ (8)
infinitive sǭdõ supine sǭmõ active participle sǭnd
gerund sǭdsõ supine abessive sǭmõt passive participle sǭdõd
singular (ikšlu’g) plural (pǟgiņlu’g)
1st person
(e’žmi pärsōn)
2nd person
(tuoi pärsōn)
3rd person
(kuolmõz pärsōn)
1st person
(e’žmi pärsōn)
2nd person
(tuoi pärsōn)
3rd person
(kuolmõz pärsōn)
indicative ma sa ta mēg tēg ne
present
(paldīņāiga)
sǭb sǭd sǭb sǭmõ sǭtõ sǭbõd
past
(lǟ’ndāiga)
sai said sai saimõ
sāima
saitõ
sāita
saitõ
future
perfect
līb sǭnd līd sǭnd līb sǭnd līm(õ) sǭnõd līt(õ) sǭnõd lībõd sǭnõd
indicative
negative
ma sa ta mēg tēg ne
present
(paldīņāiga)
ä’b ä’d ä’b ä’b sǭmõ ät sǭtõ ä’b sǭtõ
past
(lǟ’ndāiga)
i’z i’zt i’z i’z sǭmõ i’zt sǭtõ i’zt sǭtõ
future
perfect
ä’b sǭnd ä’d sǭnd ä’b sǭnd ä’b līm(õ) sǭnõd ät līt(õ) sǭnõd ä’b līt(õ) sǭnõd
(sa) (mēg) (tēg)
imperative 1 ! 1 (sǭgõm!2) sǭgid! 1
imperative negative 3 alā ! 3 (algõm sǭgõm!2) algid sǭgid! 3
ma sa ta mēg tēg ne
conditional sǭks sǭkst sǭks sǭksmõ sǭkstõ sǭkstõ
conditional negative ä’b sǭks ä’d sǭkst ä’b sǭks ä’b sǭksmõ ät sǭkstõ ä’b sǭkstõ
jussive sǭgõ sǭgõ sǭgõ sǭgõd sǭgõd sǭgõd
jussive negative algõ sǭgõ algõ sǭgõ algõ sǭgõ algõd sǭgõd algõd sǭgõd algõd sǭgõd
quotative sǭji sǭji sǭji sǭjid sǭjid sǭjid
debitive mi’nnõn si’nnõn tä’mmõn mä’ddõn tä’ddõn näntõn
u’m sǭmõst u’m sǭmõst u’m sǭmõst u’m sǭmõst u’m sǭmõst u’m sǭmõst

1) imperative-like constructions possible with la’z (so that) + jussive: la’z ma/ta sǭgõ, la’z ne sǭgõd
2) rare, using indicative present more common, la’z + jussive construction possible: la’z mēg sǭgõd
3) possible to imply an indirect request by using jussive negative: algõ ma/ta sǭgõ, algõd ne sǭgõd

References

  • Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “sǭdõ”, in Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary]‎[1] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra