permaneo

Latin

Etymology

  • From per- (“through”) +‎ maneō (“I remain”). Related to and synonymous with Ancient Greek δῐᾰμένω (dĭăménō).

    Pronunciation

    Verb

    permaneō (present infinitive permanēre, perfect active permānsī, supine permānsum); second conjugation

    1. to stay to the end, hold out
    2. to last, continue, remain, endure, abide, persist, persevere
      Synonyms: aeternō, persevērō, persistō
      • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 5.33:
        hic status in caelō multōs permānsit in annōs
        This state [of things] in heaven endured for many years
      • c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca the Younger, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium 47.21:
        Hoc habent inter cētera bonī mōrēs: placent sibi, permanent. Levis est malitia; saepe mūtātur, nōn in melius sed in aliud.
        This, among other things, is a feature of good morals: they are their own satisfaction, [and] they endure. Wickedness is fickle; it is often changeable, not for the better but into something different.
        (Translating more literally for the sake of the third-person plural placent and permanent; however, boni mores can also be understood as the combination of traits that make up someone’s good character: it endures.)
    3. to survive, outlive
    4. to devote one's life to, live by

    Conjugation

    • This verb has only limited passive conjugation; only third-person passive forms are attested in surviving sources.
       Conjugation of permaneō (second conjugation)
    indicative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present permaneō permanēs permanet permanēmus permanētis permanent
    imperfect permanēbam permanēbās permanēbat permanēbāmus permanēbātis permanēbant
    future permanēbō permanēbis permanēbit permanēbimus permanēbitis permanēbunt
    perfect permānsī permānsistī permānsit permānsimus permānsistis permānsērunt,
    permānsēre
    pluperfect permānseram permānserās permānserat permānserāmus permānserātis permānserant
    future perfect permānserō permānseris permānserit permānserimus permānseritis permānserint
    passive present permaneor permanēris,
    permanēre     		permanētur permanēmur permanēminī permanentur
    imperfect permanēbar permanēbāris,
    permanēbāre     		permanēbātur permanēbāmur permanēbāminī permanēbantur
    future permanēbor permanēberis,
    permanēbere     		permanēbitur permanēbimur permanēbiminī permanēbuntur
    perfect permānsus + present active indicative of sum
    pluperfect permānsus + imperfect active indicative of sum
    future perfect permānsus + future active indicative of sum
    subjunctive singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present permaneam permaneās permaneat permaneāmus permaneātis permaneant
    imperfect permanērem permanērēs permanēret permanērēmus permanērētis permanērent
    perfect permānserim permānserīs permānserit permānserīmus permānserītis permānserint
    pluperfect permānsissem permānsissēs permānsisset permānsissēmus permānsissētis permānsissent
    passive present permanear permaneāris,
    permaneāre     		permaneātur permaneāmur permaneāminī permaneantur
    imperfect permanērer permanērēris,
    permanērēre     		permanērētur permanērēmur permanērēminī permanērentur
    perfect permānsus + present active subjunctive of sum
    pluperfect permānsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
    imperative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present — permanē — — permanēte —
    future — permanētō permanētō — permanētōte permanentō
    passive present — permanēre — — permanēminī —
    future — permanētor permanētor — — permanentor
    non-finite forms infinitive participle
    active passive active passive
    present permanēre permanērī permanēns —
    future permānsūrum esse permānsum īrī permānsūrus permanendus
    perfect permānsisse permānsum esse — permānsus
    future perfect — permānsum fore — —
    perfect potential permānsūrum fuisse — — —
    verbal nouns gerund supine
    genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
    permanendī permanendō permanendum permanendō permānsum permānsū

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • Italian: permanere
    • Old French: parmaindre
    • Vulgar Latin: *permanēscō

    References

    • “permaneo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “permaneo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • “permaneo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
    • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
      • (ambiguous) to abide by, persist in one's opinion: in sententia manere, permanere, perseverare, perstare
      • (ambiguous) to persevere in one's resolve: in proposito susceptoque consilio permanere
      • (ambiguous) to remain in subjection: in officio manere, permanere
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