mǟrgandõ

Livonian

Etymology

mǟrga +‎ -ndõ

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈmæːrɡɑndə/, [ˈmæːrɡɑnd̪ə]

Verb

mǟrgandõ

  1. (intransitive) to rot

Conjugation

Conjugation of mǟrgandõ (53)
infinitive mǟrgandõ supine mǟrgandõm active participle mǟrgandõn
gerund mǟrgandõs supine abessive mǟrgandõmõt passive participle mǟrgandõd
singular (ikšlu’g) plural (pǟgiņlu’g)
1st person
(e’žmi pärsōn)
2nd person
(tuoi pärsōn)
3rd person
(kuolmõz pärsōn)
1st person
(e’žmi pärsōn)
2nd person
(tuoi pärsōn)
3rd person
(kuolmõz pärsōn)
indicative ma sa ta mēg tēg ne
present
(paldīņāiga)
mǟrgandõb mǟrgandõd mǟrgandõb mǟrgandõm mǟrgandõt mǟrgandõbõd
past
(lǟ’ndāiga)
mǟrgandiz mǟrgandizt mǟrgandiz mǟrgandizmõ mǟrgandizt
mǟrgandiztõ
mǟrgandizt
mǟrgandiztõ
future
perfect
līb mǟrgandõn līd mǟrgandõn līb mǟrgandõn līm(õ) mǟrgandõnd līt(õ) mǟrgandõnd lībõd mǟrgandõnd
indicative
negative
ma sa ta mēg tēg ne
present
(paldīņāiga)
ä’b mǟrgand ä’d mǟrgand ä’b mǟrgand ä’b mǟrgandõm ät mǟrgandõt ä’b mǟrgandõt
past
(lǟ’ndāiga)
i’z mǟrgand i’zt mǟrgand i’z mǟrgand i’z mǟrgandõm i’zt mǟrgandõt i’zt mǟrgandõt
future
perfect
ä’b mǟrgandõn ä’d mǟrgandõn ä’b mǟrgandõn ä’b līm(õ) mǟrgandõnd ät līt(õ) mǟrgandõnd ä’b līt(õ) mǟrgandõnd
(sa) (mēg) (tēg)
imperative 1 mǟrgand! 1 (mǟrgandõgõm!2) mǟrgandõgid! 1
imperative negative 3 alā mǟrgand! 3 (algõm mǟrgandõgõm!2) algid mǟrgandõgid! 3
ma sa ta mēg tēg ne
conditional mǟrgandõks mǟrgandõkst mǟrgandõks mǟrgandõksmõ mǟrgandõkstõ mǟrgandõkstõ
conditional negative ä’b mǟrgandõks ä’d mǟrgandõkst ä’b mǟrgandõks ä’b mǟrgandõksmõ ät mǟrgandõkstõ ä’b mǟrgandõkstõ
jussive mǟrgandõg mǟrgandõg mǟrgandõg mǟrgandõgõd mǟrgandõgõd mǟrgandõgõd
jussive negative algõ mǟrgandõg algõ mǟrgandõg algõ mǟrgandõg algõd mǟrgandõgõd algõd mǟrgandõgõd algõd mǟrgandõgõd
quotative mǟrgandiji mǟrgandiji mǟrgandiji mǟrgandijid mǟrgandijid mǟrgandijid
debitive mi’nnõn si’nnõn tä’mmõn mä’ddõn tä’ddõn näntõn
u’m mǟrgandõmõst u’m mǟrgandõmõst u’m mǟrgandõmõst u’m mǟrgandõmõst u’m mǟrgandõmõst u’m mǟrgandõmõst

1) imperative-like constructions possible with la’z (so that) + jussive: la’z ma/ta mǟrgandõg, la’z ne mǟrgandõgõd
2) rare, using indicative present more common, la’z + jussive construction possible: la’z mēg mǟrgandõgõd
3) possible to imply an indirect request by using jussive negative: algõ ma/ta mǟrgandõg, algõd ne mǟrgandõgõd

References

  • Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “mǟrgandõ”, in Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary]‎[1] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra