kargõ

Livonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kargait'ak.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkɑrɡə/, [ˈkɑrˑɡə]

Verb

kargõ

  1. (intransitive) to jump, hop, leap
  2. (intransitive) to rise (of the sun or the moon)
  3. (intransitive) to bite (of animals)

Conjugation

Conjugation of kargõ (37)
infinitive kargõ supine kargõm active participle kargõn
gerund kargõs supine abessive kargõmõt passive participle kargdõd
singular (ikšlu’g) plural (pǟgiņlu’g)
1st person
(e’žmi pärsōn)
2nd person
(tuoi pärsōn)
3rd person
(kuolmõz pärsōn)
1st person
(e’žmi pärsōn)
2nd person
(tuoi pärsōn)
3rd person
(kuolmõz pärsōn)
indicative ma sa ta mēg tēg ne
present
(paldīņāiga)
kārgõb kārgõd kārgõb kargõm kargõt kargõbõd
past
(lǟ’ndāiga)
kārgiz kārgizt kārgiz kārgizmõ kārgizt
kārgiztõ
kārgizt
kārgiztõ
future
perfect
līb kargõn līd kargõn līb kargõn līm(õ) kargõnd līt(õ) kargõnd lībõd kargõnd
indicative
negative
ma sa ta mēg tēg ne
present
(paldīņāiga)
ä’b karg ä’d karg ä’b karg ä’b kargõm ät kargõt ä’b kargõt
past
(lǟ’ndāiga)
i’z karg i’zt karg i’z karg i’z kargõm i’zt kargõt i’zt kargõt
future
perfect
ä’b kargõn ä’d kargõn ä’b kargõn ä’b līm(õ) kargõnd ät līt(õ) kargõnd ä’b līt(õ) kargõnd
(sa) (mēg) (tēg)
imperative 1 karg! 1 (kargõgõm!2) kargõgid! 1
imperative negative 3 alā karg! 3 (algõm kargõgõm!2) algid kargõgid! 3
ma sa ta mēg tēg ne
conditional kargõks kargõkst kargõks kargõksmõ kargõkstõ kargõkstõ
conditional negative ä’b kargõks ä’d kargõkst ä’b kargõks ä’b kargõksmõ ät kargõkstõ ä’b kargõkstõ
jussive kargõg kargõg kargõg kargõgõd kargõgõd kargõgõd
jussive negative algõ kargõg algõ kargõg algõ kargõg algõd kargõgõd algõd kargõgõd algõd kargõgõd
quotative kargiji kargiji kargiji kargijid kargijid kargijid
debitive mi’nnõn si’nnõn tä’mmõn mä’ddõn tä’ddõn näntõn
u’m kargõmõst u’m kargõmõst u’m kargõmõst u’m kargõmõst u’m kargõmõst u’m kargõmõst

1) imperative-like constructions possible with la’z (so that) + jussive: la’z ma/ta kargõg, la’z ne kargõgõd
2) rare, using indicative present more common, la’z + jussive construction possible: la’z mēg kargõgõd
3) possible to imply an indirect request by using jussive negative: algõ ma/ta kargõg, algõd ne kargõgõd

References

  • Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “kargõ”, in Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary]‎[1] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra