joudõ

Livonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *joutadak; vocalism (e.g. jōdab instead of **jȭdab) may be influenced by Latvian jāudat, if the Livonian verb is simply not borrowed from it.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈjoudə/, [ˈjo̯uˑd̪ə]

Verb

joudõ

  1. (intransitive) to arrive
  2. (intransitive) to have the strength or energy, manage [with infinitive ‘to do’]

Conjugation

Conjugation of joudõ (28)
infinitive joudõ supine jōdam active participle joudõn
gerund joudõs supine abessive jōdamõt passive participle joudtõd
singular (ikšlu’g) plural (pǟgiņlu’g)
1st person
(e’žmi pärsōn)
2nd person
(tuoi pärsōn)
3rd person
(kuolmõz pärsōn)
1st person
(e’žmi pärsōn)
2nd person
(tuoi pärsōn)
3rd person
(kuolmõz pärsōn)
indicative ma sa ta mēg tēg ne
present
(paldīņāiga)
jōdab jōdad jōdab jōdam jōdat jōdabõd
past
(lǟ’ndāiga)
jōdiz jōdizt jōdiz jōdizmõ jōdizt
jōdiztõ
jōdizt
jōdiztõ
future
perfect
līb joudõn līd joudõn līb joudõn līm(õ) joudõnd līt(õ) joudõnd lībõd joudõnd
indicative
negative
ma sa ta mēg tēg ne
present
(paldīņāiga)
ä’b joud ä’d joud ä’b joud ä’b jōdam ät jōdat ä’b jōdat
past
(lǟ’ndāiga)
i’z joud i’zt joud i’z joud i’z jōdam i’zt jōdat i’zt jōdat
future
perfect
ä’b joudõn ä’d joudõn ä’b joudõn ä’b līm(õ) joudõnd ät līt(õ) joudõnd ä’b līt(õ) joudõnd
(sa) (mēg) (tēg)
imperative 1 jōda! 1 (jōdagõm!2) jōdagid! 1
imperative negative 3 alā joudõ! 3 (algõm jōdagõm!2) algid jōdagid! 3
ma sa ta mēg tēg ne
conditional jōdaks jōdakst jōdaks jōdaksmõ jōdakstõ jōdakstõ
conditional negative ä’b jōdaks ä’d jōdakst ä’b jōdaks ä’b jōdaksmõ ät jōdakstõ ä’b jōdakstõ
jussive jōdag jōdag jōdag jōdagõd jōdagõd jōdagõd
jussive negative algõ jōdag algõ jōdag algõ jōdag algõd jōdagõd algõd jōdagõd algõd jōdagõd
quotative jōdaji jōdaji jōdaji jōdajid jōdajid jōdajid
debitive mi’nnõn si’nnõn tä’mmõn mä’ddõn tä’ddõn näntõn
u’m jōdamõst u’m jōdamõst u’m jōdamõst u’m jōdamõst u’m jōdamõst u’m jōdamõst

1) imperative-like constructions possible with la’z (so that) + jussive: la’z ma/ta jōdag, la’z ne jōdagõd
2) rare, using indicative present more common, la’z + jussive construction possible: la’z mēg jōdagõd
3) possible to imply an indirect request by using jussive negative: algõ ma/ta jōdag, algõd ne jōdagõd

References

  • Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “joudõ”, in Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary]‎[1] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra