Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/qogʷja

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

*χogdi (Starostin 2005)^[1]
*qogdʌ (for Proto-Ketic, per Vajda-Werner 2022)
*qodʳa (Non-Ketic reflexes, intermediate stage; per Vajda 2024)^[2]

Reconstruction notes

Arin and Pumpokol descendants cannot be confirmed due to a lack of attested forms. In neither language can one see a surviving reflex of coda *-gʷ^[3] (*qogʷ·ja) or onset *dʳ-^[4] (*qo·dʳa) from Proto-Yeniseian, making it impossible to ascertain their legitimacy as reflexes of this root until further study.

Etymology

Composed of *qogʷ (“ice”) +‎ *-ja (nominalizer suffix), literally “ice-season”.

Noun

*qogʷja (no plural)

(time) autumn, fall

Descendants

Ketic:
- Imbak Ket: kókde (M.)
  - Ket: ӄогдь (qɔ́gdʲ, qɔgdʲ), ӄогди (qɔ́gdi)^[5]
- Yug: хогди (χɔ́gdi)
Kottic:
- Kott: gorɨ (H.), hôri (C.)
Arinic:
- >? Arin: kute (H.)
Pumpokolic:
- >? Pumpokol: cháida (M.)

References

^ https://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=794&root=config
^ Vajda, Edward (2024), “fn. 14”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎^[1], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 387-388
^ Vajda, Edward (2024), “evolution of *gʷ, *kʷ”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎^[2], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 425
^ Vajda, Edward (2024), “loss of retroflex articulation”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎^[3], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 424
^ Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, page 307

Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), “*qogdʌ”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 677
Vajda, Edward (2024), “Footnote 14”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎^[4], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 387
Werner, Heinrich (2002), “qɔ́gdi/qɔ́gde/qɔgd”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 94
Werner, Heinrich (2005), “autumn”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 283

[1] ttps://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=794&root=config

[2] Vajda, Edward (2024), “fn. 14”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎^[1], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 387-388

[3] Vajda, Edward (2024), “evolution of *gʷ, *kʷ”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎^[2], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 425

[4] Vajda, Edward (2024), “loss of retroflex articulation”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎^[3], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 424

[5] Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, page 307

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