Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/maŋ

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

  • *baˀŋ (per Werner 2002)
  • *baʔŋ (per Starostin 1994-2005)[1]
  • *baˀŋ (per Khabtagaeva 2019)[2]
  • *baˀŋ (per Vajda-Werner 2022)
  • *baŋ (per Fortescue-Vajda 2022)
  • *baŋ (per Cologne group 2023 & 2024. Pattern: b.1-ŋ.1)[3][4]

Reconstruction notes

See Fortescue-Vajda (2022) and Vajda (2024) for the rationale behind the onset *m-, which is adopted here.

Etymology

Compared to Proto-Athabaskan *ŋʸənʼ (“land”),[5] Eyak ʔãh (“land, territory”) and Tlingit héen-x̱ (“moving into water”, conjugative downward motion prefix)[6] with an earlier meaning of "ground", though the sound incongruency between Yeniseian *-ŋ and Na-Dené *-n is noted.

Noun

*maŋ ~ *baŋ (plural *baŋ-Vŋ)

  1. (geography) earth, place, ground
Derived terms

Descendants

  • Ketic:
    • Imbak Ket: baŋ (Mes.; Eed-Šeš dialect)
    • Imbak Ket: baŋ, bːaŋ (M., W.), bax (VW., Kl.), bak (Ad.)
    • Ostyak Yug: baŋ (M.)
      • Yug: ба’ӈ (baˀŋ)
  • ⇒ Proto-Ketic: *sej-baŋ (“furuncle”, literally “wound-place”)
    • Ket: сиваӈ (sívaŋ) (Southern dialects), сибаӈ (síbaŋ) (Central dialects)
    • Yug: сибаӈ (síbaŋ)
  • Kottic:
    • Assan: paŋ (M., W., VW., Kl.), pan (Kl.)
    • Kott: paŋ (Mes., P.; Kojbal dialect)
    • Kott: paŋ (C., M., W., VW., Kl.), pak (H.)
  • Arinic:
    • Arin: peŋ (M., W., VW., Kl.), pieŋ (Str.), pem (H.)
  • Pumpokolic:
    • Pumpokol: bing (M.), biŋ (W., VW., Kl.)
      • ⇒ Pumpokol: Gebèng (M.), Gebéŋ (“Pumpokol, a Pumpokol person”, literally “[people of the] high river-bank; large-land”) (W.)

See also

  • Proto-Yeniseian entry guidelines § Bibliography

References

  1. ^ https://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=189&root=config
  2. ^ Khabtagaeva, Bayarma (2019), Language Contact in Siberia: Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic Loanwords in Yeniseian (The languages of Asia series; 19)‎[1], Brill, →ISBN, page 335
  3. ^ Bonmann, Svenja; Fries, Simon; Korobzow, Natalie; Günther, Laura; Hill, Eugen (2023), “b.1 (Table 28)”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part I: Word-Initial Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[2], number 5, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 70 of 39-82
  4. ^ Hill, Eugen; Fries, Simon; Korobzow, Natalie; Günther, Laura; Svenja, Bonmann (2024), “Coda-ŋ.1 (Table 21)”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[3], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 279 of 216-293
  5. ^ Leer, Jeff (1996), Comparative Athabaskan Lexicon‎[4], volume na-nE, Alaska Native Language Archive, page 23
  6. ^ Twitchell, X̱ʼunei Lance (2020), Tlingit Online Dictionary, Juneau, Alaska: Independently published, supported by Goldbelt Heritage Foundation and the University of Alaska Southeast, →ISBN, page 84

Further reading

  • Bonmann, Svenja; Fries, Simon; Korobzow, Natalie; Günther, Laura; Hill, Eugen (2023), “'earth, land'”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part I: Word-Initial Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[5], number 5, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 46 of 39-82
  • Hill, Eugen; Fries, Simon; Korobzow, Natalie; Günther, Laura; Svenja, Bonmann (2024), “'earth, land'a”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[6], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 272 of 216-293
  • Fortescue, Michael; Vajda, Edward (2022), “PY *a”, in Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[7], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 268
  • Fortescue, Michael; Vajda, Edward (2022), “133.) ~*man()”, in Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[8], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 390
  • Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), “*baˀŋ (1, 2, 3)”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 1, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 107
  • Vajda, Edward (2024), “*baŋ [< *maŋ]”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[9], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 412
  • Vajda, Edward (2024), “*m: *baŋ”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[10], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 416
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002), “²baˀŋ (I)”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 1, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 110
  • Werner, Heinrich (2005), “earth”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 292
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