Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/ɬaw

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

  • *λaˀ, *λaŋ (“strong, firm”) (per Werner 2002)
  • *dˡa? (per Vajda-Werner 2022)
  • *ɬa (per Fortescue-Vajda 2022)

Etymology

Compared with Proto-Athabaskan *ɬaˑ (“tip, end, point”),[1] Navajo biłąąd (“its end, its point, its tip”), álaʼ (“hand”), ííłą́ą́d (“tip of penis”) and Tlingit luxʼaa (“tip, extremity”), lú (“nose”).[2]

Noun

*ɬaw (plural *ɬaw-Vŋ)

  1. extension, protrusion
Derived terms
  • *ɢejVŋʷɬaw (“thumb; five, 5”, literally “big thing-extension”)
  • *-ɬaw (diminutive or emphatic suffix)
  • *ɬawɢa (“star”, literally “extending-thing”)

Descendants

  • Ketic:
    • ⇒ Imbak Ket: ɨlä (M., W.), ɨl'a (“hand”) (VW.)
    • ⇒ Ket: ля (lʲāˑ), ляʼӈ (lʲaˀŋ, “barb, thorn; barb of a fishing hook, tooth of a fishing pike”)[4]
    • ⇒ Yug: ляʼӈ (lʲaŋ, “strong, firm”) (noun and action nominal)
  • Kottic:
    • ⇒ Kott: d'oût (“to bequeath, to fasten”) (C.)
    • ⇒ Kott: d'atʰi (“to whip, to lash”) (C.)
  • Arinic:
  • ⇒ Proto-Arinic: *xʷaj-ga-ɬaw (literally “sun-extension”)
    • ⇒ Arin: xagalɨ (“sunshine”) (Str.)

See also

  • Proto-Yeniseian entry guidelines § Bibliography

References

  1. ^ Leer, Jeff (1996), Comparative Athabaskan Lexicon‎[1], volume La-Le, Alaska Native Language Archive, pages 7-15
  2. ^ Twitchell, X̱ʼunei Lance (2020), Tlingit Online Dictionary, Juneau, Alaska: Independently published, supported by Goldbelt Heritage Foundation and the University of Alaska Southeast, →ISBN, page 171
  3. ^ Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, page 260
  4. ^ Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, page 257

Further reading

  • Fortescue, Michael; Vajda, Edward (2022), “34.) ~*ɬaw”, in Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 342
  • Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 488
  • Vajda, Edward (2024), “*ɬaw”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[3], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 417
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002), “1l'aŋ/1l'aˑŋ”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 2, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 8
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002), “1l'aˑ”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 2, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 9
  • Werner, Heinrich (2005), “hand (manus, brachyum)”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 301
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