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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From pre-Germanic *ǵ(h₂)or-m-(i-), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂r- (“to call, cry, shout”).[1] Cognate with Proto-Celtic *garman (“call, cry, shout; summoning”, noun) (Old Irish gairm, Middle Welsh garm), which rather reflects *ǵh₂r̥-(s)mn̥.[2]
Noun
karm(i) m
- cry, call, shout; lament
- noise, sound; alarm
Inflection
- a-stem
| Masculine a-stem
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Singular
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| Nominative
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*karm(a)
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| Genitive
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*karmas
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Singular
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Plural
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| Nominative
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*karm(a)
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*karmōs
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| Accusative
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*karm(a)
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*karmā
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| Genitive
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*karmas
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*karmō
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| Dative
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*karmē
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*karmum
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| Instrumental
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*karmu
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*karmum
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- i-stem
| i-stem
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Singular
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| Nominative
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*karmi
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| Genitive
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*karmī
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Singular
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Plural
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| Nominative
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*karmi
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*karmī
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| Accusative
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*karmi
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*karmī
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| Genitive
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*karmī
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*karmijō
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| Dative
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*karmī
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*karmim, *karmijum
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| Instrumental
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*karmī
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*karmim, *karmijum
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Derived terms
- Proto-West Germanic: *karmōn (from the a-stem noun)
- Proto-West Germanic: *karmijan (perhaps from the i-stem noun)
Descendants
- Old English: ċierm (< *karmi); ċearm (< *karm)
- Old Saxon: karm (< *karm)
- Old Dutch: *kermi (< *karmi)
References
- ^ Vladimir Orel (2003), “*karm(j)az”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 210
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*gar(r)man-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 152