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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gúbtei + *-nǫti.
Verb
*gъbnǫ̀ti impf[1][2][3]
- (transitive) to bend, to fold, to dimple
- (reflexive) (+ *sę) to flex
Conjugation
Conjugation of
*gъbnǫti, *gъbe, *gъbnetь (
impf., -C/n-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *gъbenьje
|
*gъbnǫti
|
*gъbnǫtъ
|
*gъblъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*gъbenъ
|
*gъbnomъ
|
| Active
|
*gъbъ
|
*gъbny
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*gъb(ox)ъ |
*gъbe |
*gъbe
|
*gъbnǫ |
*gъbneši |
*gъbnetь
|
| Dual
|
*gъb(ox)ově |
*gъb(e/os)ta |
*gъb(e/os)te
|
*gъbnevě |
*gъbneta |
*gъbnete
|
| Plural
|
*gъb(ox)omъ |
*gъb(e/os)te |
*gъbǫ, *gъbošę
|
*gъbnemъ |
*gъbnete |
*gъbnǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*gъbněaxъ |
*gъbněaše |
*gъbněaše
|
— |
*gъbni |
*gъbni
|
| Dual
|
*gъbněaxově |
*gъbněašeta |
*gъbněašete
|
*gъbněvě |
*gъbněta |
—
|
| Plural
|
*gъbněaxomъ |
*gъbněašete |
*gъbněaxǫ
|
*gъbněmъ |
*gъbněte |
—
|
Conjugation of
*gъbnǫti, *gъbnǫ, *gъbnetь (
impf., -n-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *gъbnovenьje
|
*gъbnǫti
|
*gъbnǫtъ
|
*gъbnǫlъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*gъbnovenъ
|
*gъbnomъ
|
| Active
|
*gъbnǫvъ
|
*gъbny
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*gъbnǫxъ |
*gъbnǫ |
*gъbnǫ
|
*gъbnǫ |
*gъbneši |
*gъbnetь
|
| Dual
|
*gъbnǫxově |
*gъbnǫsta |
*gъbnǫste
|
*gъbnevě |
*gъbneta |
*gъbnete
|
| Plural
|
*gъbnǫxomъ |
*gъbnǫste |
*gъbnǫšę
|
*gъbnemъ |
*gъbnete |
*gъbnǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*gъbněaxъ |
*gъbněaše |
*gъbněaše
|
— |
*gъbni |
*gъbni
|
| Dual
|
*gъbněaxově |
*gъbněašeta |
*gъbněašete
|
*gъbněvě |
*gъbněta |
—
|
| Plural
|
*gъbněaxomъ |
*gъbněašete |
*gъbněaxǫ
|
*gъbněmъ |
*gъbněte |
—
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Derived terms
- *gъbežь (“bend, joint”)
- *gъbьnъ (“soft, liable”)
- *gъbъkъ, *gъbъkavъ (“flexible”)
- *gъnъka (“wrinkle, dimple”)
- *nagъbnǫti
- *negъbľь (“unsusceptible, not liable”)
- *ogъbnǫti
- *orzgъbnǫti
- *pergъbnǫti
- *sъgъbnǫti
- *guba (“bending, dimpling”)
- *gubìti (“to destroy”)
- *gybati (“to perish? to bend? to break?”)
- *gybъ
- *gỳbnǫti (“to perish”)
- *sǫgubъ (“double”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: гъбнѫти (gŭbnǫti), гънѫти (gŭnǫti)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: *гънѫти (*gŭnǫti)
- ⇒ Old Church Slavonic: съгънѫти (sŭgŭnǫti, “to fold”)
- ⇒ Old Church Slavonic: разгънѫти (razgŭnǫti, “to unfold”)
- Bulgarian: гъ́на (gǎ́na)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: га̀нути
- Latin script: gànuti
- ⇒ Slovene: ganīti (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: hnúti
- Old Polish: giąć
- Pomeranian:
- Kashubian: dżic
- Slovincian: gjyc
- Slovak: hnúť, dialectal gebnúť
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: hnuć
- Lower Sorbian: gnuś
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “гнуть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gъbnǫti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 188
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “гъ̀на¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 302
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gъnǫti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 197: “v. ‘bend’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “gъbnǫti (gъnoti): gъbnǫ gъbnetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b bøje (SA 211; PR 137)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016), “ganīti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*gъ(b)nǫ̋ti”