Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hāwyákah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From *Hāwyám +‎ *-kaH.

Noun

*Hāwyákah f

egg

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*Hāwyákah	*Hāwyákā(w)	*Hāwyákāh(ah)
vocative	*Hāwyáka	*Hāwyákā(w)	*Hāwyákāh(ah)
accusative	*Hāwyákam	*Hāwyákā(w)	*Hāwyákānh
instrumental	*HāwyákaH	*Hāwyákaybʰyā(m)	*Hāwyákāyš
ablative	*Hāwyákāt	*Hāwyákaybʰyā(m)	*Hāwyákaybʰyah
dative	*Hāwyákāy	*Hāwyákaybʰyā(m)	*Hāwyákaybʰyah
genitive	*Hāwyákahya	*Hāwyákayāh	*HāwyákānaHam
locative	*Hāwyákay	*Hāwyákayaw	*Hāwyákayšu

Alternative reconstructions

*āwyaka-^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]
*āyaka-, *āyka-^[2]^[3]^[6]^[5]
*hāwyaka-^[7]

Descendants

Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian: *āyagā
  - Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *āyaɣa
    - Proto-Saka: *āhāa (fricative assimilation)
      - Khotanese: [script needed] (āhāa)
  - Proto-Sarmatian: *āygka
    - Alanic: *aykæ
      - Ossetian:
        Digor Ossetian: айкӕ (ajkæ)
        
        Iron Ossetian: айк (ajk)
- Khwarezmian: [script needed] (yʾk /⁠yāk⁠/)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Pashto: هګۍ (hagë́y), ها (hā), اګۍ (agë́y), وۍ (wë́y), ويه (wë́ya), وويه (wóya)
- Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:
  - Ishkashimi: [script needed] (akik)
  - Sanglechi: [script needed] (ākīk)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: ہیگ (heyg), ہیک (heyk)
- Kurdish:
  Central Kurdish: ھێ (hê), ھێلکە (hêlke)
  
  Northern Kurdish: hêk
  
  Southern Kurdish: خا (xa)
  
  Laki: خا (xa)
- Medo-Parthian:
  - Gilaki: خایه (xāyə)
  - Old Median: *āwyagā
    - Middle Median: *āwyag
      - Rudbari: اووا (uwâ)
      - Proto-Tatic:
        Talysh:
        Central Talysh: اویه (uya)
        
        Northern Talysh: uvә
        
        Old Tati:
        Harzani: اوه (ova)
        
        Karingani: اویو (uyo)
        
        Khoini: خا (xā)
    - Semnani: [script needed] (xä)
  - Proto-Zaza-Gorani:
    - Gurani: ھێڵە (hēłe)
    - Zazaki: hak
Southwestern Iranian:
- Middle Persian: (/⁠xāyag⁠/)
  Manichaean script: 𐫟𐫀𐫏𐫃 (xʾyg)
  
  Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hʾdk'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (hʾdyk')
  - Lurish:
    Northern Luri: خاک (xāk, “egg of any birds”), خا (xā, “egg of hen”), خایه (xāya, “testicle”)
    
    Bakhtiari: خایه (xāya), هایه (hāya)
    
    Southern Luri: خاگ (xāg)
  - Classical Persian: خایه (xâya, “testicle”), خاگ (xāg, “egg”), خواگ (xʷāg, “egg”)
    - Dari: خایه (xâya)
    - Iranian Persian: خایه (xâye), هاگ (hāg, “spore”)
    - Tajik: хоя (xoya), ҳог (hog, “spore”)
      - → Yaghnobi: хоя (xōya)
    - → Azerbaijani: xaya (“testicle”)
    - → Old Azari: خایه (xāya, “testicle”)
    - → Ottoman Turkish: خایا (haya, “testicle”)
      - Turkish: haya
    - → Talysh: خایه (xāyə, “testicle”)

References

^ Novák, Ľubomír (2013), Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎^[1], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 183: “Ir. *au̯i̯a-ka-”
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*āi̯a-, *au̯i̯a-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 305-306: “*āi̯-ka-,*ai̯a-ka; *āwyaka-”
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Asatrian, Garnik (2011), “xāx”, in A Comparative Vocabulary of Central Iranian Dialects‎^[2] (in Persian), Tehran: Safir Ardehal Publications, page 433: “*āy(a)ka-; *āwyaka-”
^ Novák, Ľubomír (2013), Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎^[3], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 183: “Ir. *āu̯i̯a-ka-”
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Bailey, H. W. (1979), “āhā-”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 30: “*āvyā-; *āvyakā-”
^ Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015), Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry (PhD dissertation)‎^[4], Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, page 22: “*āi̯aka-”
^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2014), “The development of laryngeals in Indo-Iranian”, in The Sound of Indo-European‎^[5], volume 3, Opava, page 2: “*hāwya-(ka-)”

[1] Novák, Ľubomír (2013), Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎^[1], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 183: “Ir. *au̯i̯a-ka-”

[ESIJa-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*āi̯a-, *au̯i̯a-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 305-306: “*āi̯-ka-,*ai̯a-ka; *āwyaka-”

[Asatrian-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Asatrian, Garnik (2011), “xāx”, in A Comparative Vocabulary of Central Iranian Dialects‎^[2] (in Persian), Tehran: Safir Ardehal Publications, page 433: “*āy(a)ka-; *āwyaka-”

[4] Novák, Ľubomír (2013), Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎^[3], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 183: “Ir. *āu̯i̯a-ka-”

[Bailey-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Bailey, H. W. (1979), “āhā-”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 30: “*āvyā-; *āvyakā-”

[6] Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015), Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry (PhD dissertation)‎^[4], Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, page 22: “*āi̯aka-”

[7] Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2014), “The development of laryngeals in Indo-Iranian”, in The Sound of Indo-European‎^[5], volume 3, Opava, page 2: “*hāwya-(ka-)”

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