Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ȷ́awštā́

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ǵews-

Proto-Indo-European *ǵéws-tōr ~ *ǵus-tr-és

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́awštā́

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *ǵéws-tōr ~ *ǵus-tr-és, from *ǵews-.

Noun

*ȷ́awštā́ m

friend
lover

Declension

consonant stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ȷ́awštā́	*ȷ́awštā́rā(w)	*ȷ́awštā́ras
vocative	*ȷ́awštar	*ȷ́awštārā(w)	*ȷ́awštāras
accusative	*ȷ́awštā́ram	*ȷ́awštā́rā(w)	*ȷ́awštrás
instrumental	*ȷ́awštráH	*ȷ́awštŕ̥bʰyā(m)	*ȷ́awštŕ̥bʰiš
ablative	*ȷ́awštŕ̥š	*ȷ́awštŕ̥bʰyā(m)	*ȷ́awštŕ̥bʰyaH
dative	*ȷ́awštráy	*ȷ́awštŕ̥bʰyā(m)	*ȷ́awštŕ̥bʰyaH
genitive	*ȷ́awštŕ̥š	*ȷ́awštŕ̥Hās	*ȷ́awštráHam
locative	*ȷ́awštári	*ȷ́awštŕ̥Haw	*ȷ́awštŕ̥šu

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́awṣṭā́
- Sanskrit: जोष्टृ (joṣṭṛ́, “one who loves”)
Proto-Iranian: *jawštā́
- Old Persian: 𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎠 (d-u-š-t-a /⁠dauštā⁠/)
  - Middle Persian: (/⁠dōst⁠/)
    Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫇𐫘𐫤 (dwst)
    
    Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭣𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭩 (dwst' /⁠dōst⁠⁠/)
    - Classical Persian: دوسْت (dōst, “friend”) (see there for further descendants)

References

Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 343