Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dreupaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

*drūpaną

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *dʰrbʰ-néh₂-

Proto-Indo-European *dʰrebʰ-

Proto-Germanic *dreupaną

Back-formation from the iterative *druppōną, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrbʰ-néh₂-, from *dʰrebʰ- (“to drop, drip”).^[1] Also compare *drupô (“a drop”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdreu̯.pɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*dreupaną^[1]^[2]

to droop; drip

Inflection

Conjugation of *dreupaną (strong class 2)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*dreupō	*dreupaų	—	*dreupai	?
2nd singular	*driupizi	*dreupaiz	*dreup	*dreupazai	*dreupaizau
3rd singular	*driupidi	*dreupai	*dreupadau	*dreupadai	*dreupaidau
1st dual	*dreupōz	*dreupaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*dreupadiz	*dreupaidiz	*dreupadiz	—	—
1st plural	*dreupamaz	*dreupaim	—	*dreupandai	*dreupaindau
2nd plural	*driupid	*dreupaid	*driupid	*dreupandai	*dreupaindau
3rd plural	*dreupandi	*dreupain	*dreupandau	*dreupandai	*dreupaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*draup	*drupį̄
2nd singular	*drauft	*drupīz
3rd singular	*draup	*drupī
1st dual	*drupū	*drupīw
2nd dual	*drupudiz	*drupīdiz
1st plural	*drupum	*drupīm
2nd plural	*drupud	*drupīd
3rd plural	*drupun	*drupīn

	present	past
participles	*dreupandz	*drupanaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *dreupan
- Old English: drēopan
  - Middle English: drepen, drepe
    - Scots: dreep
      - → English: dreep
- Old Frisian: driāpa
  - ⇒ Saterland Frisian: drjupe
  - ⇒ West Frisian: drippe, dripje
- Old Saxon: driopan
  - Middle Low German: drêpen
- Old Dutch: driopan, driepan
  - Middle Dutch: drupen
    - Dutch: druipen
      - Afrikaans: druip
- Old High German: triofan
  - Middle High German: triefen
    - German: triefen
    - Yiddish: טריפֿן (trifn)
Old Norse: drjúpa
- Icelandic: drjúpa
- Norwegian Nynorsk: drjupa, drypa
- Swedish: drypa
→? Proto-Finnic: *rüüp'ät'äk (“to sip, drink”) (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*dreupan-~*drūpan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 102
^ Vladimir Orel (2003), “*dreupanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 76

[Kroonen-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*dreupan-~*drūpan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 102

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003), “*dreupanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 76

[1]

[2]