-तु
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- -ᬢᬸ (Balinese script)
- -တု (Burmese script)
- -तु (Devanagari script)
- -ਤੁ (Gurmukhi script)
- -𑌤𑍁 (Grantha script)
- -ꦠꦸ (Javanese script)
- -𑂞𑂳 (Kaithi script)
- -តុ (Khmer script)
- -ຕຸ (Lao script)
- -തു (Malayalam script)
- -ᢠᡠ (Manchu script)
- -𑘝𑘳 (Modi script)
- -ᢐᠤ (Mongolian script)
- -𑦽𑧔 (Nandinagari script)
- -𑐟𑐸 (Newa script)
- -ତୁ (Odia script)
- -ꢡꢸ (Saurashtra script)
- -𑆠𑆶 (Sharada script)
- -𑖝𑖲 (Siddham script)
- -තු (Sinhalese script)
- -𑩫𑩒 (Soyombo script)
- -𑚙𑚰 (Takri script)
- -து (Tamil script)
- -ตุ (Thai script)
- -་ཏུ (Tibetan script)
- -𑨙𑨃 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /tu/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /t̪u/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tuš, from Proto-Indo-European *-tus.
Suffix
-तु • (-tu) m or f or n
- forms nouns from roots
- forms nouns from verbal stems
- एधते (édhate, “to prosper”) + -तु (-tu) → एधतु (edhatú, “prosperity”)
Usage notes
Most often masculine.
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -तुः (-tuḥ) | -तू (-tū) | -तवः (-tavaḥ) |
| accusative | -तुम् (-tum) | -तू (-tū) | -तून् (-tūn) |
| instrumental | -तुना (-tunā) -त्वा¹ (-tvā¹) |
-तुभ्याम् (-tubhyām) | -तुभिः (-tubhiḥ) |
| dative | -तवे (-tave) -त्वे¹ (-tve¹) |
-तुभ्याम् (-tubhyām) | -तुभ्यः (-tubhyaḥ) |
| ablative | -तोः (-toḥ) -त्वः¹ (-tvaḥ¹) |
-तुभ्याम् (-tubhyām) | -तुभ्यः (-tubhyaḥ) |
| genitive | -तोः (-toḥ) -त्वः¹ (-tvaḥ¹) |
-त्वोः (-tvoḥ) | -तूनाम् (-tūnām) |
| locative | -तौ (-tau) | -त्वोः (-tvoḥ) | -तुषु (-tuṣu) |
| vocative | -तो (-to) | -तू (-tū) | -तवः (-tavaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -तुः (-tuḥ) | -तू (-tū) | -तवः (-tavaḥ) |
| accusative | -तुम् (-tum) | -तू (-tū) | -तूः (-tūḥ) |
| instrumental | -त्वा (-tvā) | -तुभ्याम् (-tubhyām) | -तुभिः (-tubhiḥ) |
| dative | -तवे (-tave) -त्वै¹ (-tvai¹) |
-तुभ्याम् (-tubhyām) | -तुभ्यः (-tubhyaḥ) |
| ablative | -तोः (-toḥ) -त्वाः¹ (-tvāḥ¹) -त्वै² (-tvai²) |
-तुभ्याम् (-tubhyām) | -तुभ्यः (-tubhyaḥ) |
| genitive | -तोः (-toḥ) -त्वाः¹ (-tvāḥ¹) -त्वै² (-tvai²) |
-त्वोः (-tvoḥ) | -तूनाम् (-tūnām) |
| locative | -तौ (-tau) -त्वाम्¹ (-tvām¹) |
-त्वोः (-tvoḥ) | -तुषु (-tuṣu) |
| vocative | -तो (-to) | -तू (-tū) | -तवः (-tavaḥ) |
- ¹Later Sanskrit
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -तु (-tu) | -तुनी (-tunī) | -तूनि (-tūni) -तु¹ (-tu¹) -तू¹ (-tū¹) |
| accusative | -तु (-tu) | -तुनी (-tunī) | -तूनि (-tūni) -तु¹ (-tu¹) -तू¹ (-tū¹) |
| instrumental | -तुना (-tunā) -त्वा¹ (-tvā¹) |
-तुभ्याम् (-tubhyām) | -तुभिः (-tubhiḥ) |
| dative | -तुने (-tune) -तवे¹ (-tave¹) -त्वे¹ (-tve¹) |
-तुभ्याम् (-tubhyām) | -तुभ्यः (-tubhyaḥ) |
| ablative | -तुनः (-tunaḥ) -तोः¹ (-toḥ¹) -त्वः¹ (-tvaḥ¹) |
-तुभ्याम् (-tubhyām) | -तुभ्यः (-tubhyaḥ) |
| genitive | -तुनः (-tunaḥ) -तोः¹ (-toḥ¹) -त्वः¹ (-tvaḥ¹) |
-तुनोः (-tunoḥ) -त्वोः¹ (-tvoḥ¹) |
-तूनाम् (-tūnām) |
| locative | -तुनि (-tuni) -तौ¹ (-tau¹) |
-तुनोः (-tunoḥ) -त्वोः¹ (-tvoḥ¹) |
-तुषु (-tuṣu) |
| vocative | -तु (-tu) -तो (-to) |
-तुनी (-tunī) | -तूनि (-tūni) -तु¹ (-tu¹) -तू¹ (-tū¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
Related terms
References
- William Dwight Whitney (1889), Sanskrit Grammar[1], § 1161, page 435
- Wackernagel, Jakob; Albert Debrunner (1896-1964), Altindische Grammatik [Grammar of Ancient Indian] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher)[2] (in German), Vol. II.2: Die Nominalsuffixe, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, published 1954, 488-492, pages 663-9
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tu, from Proto-Indo-European *-tu. Cognate with Old Avestan -𐬙𐬏 (-tū).
Suffix
-तु • (-tu)
- ending of third person singular imperative active