-ша
Kazakh
Suffix
| preceding vowel | ||
|---|---|---|
| А / Ы / О / Ұ | Ә / Е / І / Ө / Ү | |
| postconsonantal | -ша (-şa) | -ше (-şe) |
| postvocalic | -ша (-şa) | -ше (-şe) |
-ша • (-şa)
- Form of -ше (-şe) after the vowels А / Ы / О / Ұ.
Russian
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- -ша: IPA(key): [ʂə]
- -ша́: IPA(key): [ˈʂa] (rare)
Suffix
-ша • (-ša) f anim or m anim
- (feminine) Forms female equivalents of nouns denoting males, or nouns denoting the wife of the male equivalent.
- генера́л (generál, “general”) + -ша (-ša) → генера́льша (generálʹša, “generaless, female general”)
- секрета́рь (sekretárʹ, “secretary”) + -ша (-ša) → секрета́рша (sekretárša, “female secretary”)
- Кли́нтон (Klínton, “[Bill] Clinton”) + -ша (-ša) → Кли́нтонша (Klíntonša, “[Hillary] Clinton”) (colloquial)
- (masculine or feminine) Used to make diminutive forms of words, including personal names. When added to personal names, the name is normally truncated, typically down to a single syllable consisting of a consonant + vowel.
- ле́во (lévo, “left”) + -ша́ (-šá) → левша́ (levšá, “lefty”)
- Алекса́(ндр) (Aleksá(ndr), “Alexander”) + -ша (-ša) → Алекса́ша (Aleksáša, “Sasha”) → Са́ша (Sáša)
- Але́(ксей) (Alé(ksej), “Alexey”) + -ша (-ša) → Алёша (Aljóša, “Lyosha”)
- Да́(рья) (Dá(rʹja), “Daria”) + -ша (-ša) → Да́ша (Dáša, “Dasha”)
- Ма(ри́я) (Ma(ríja), “Maria”) + -ша (-ša) → Ма́ша (Máša, “Masha”)
- Ми(хаи́л) (Mi(xaíl), “Mikhail”) + -ша (-ša) → Ми́ша (Míša, “Misha”)
- Ната́(лья) (Natá(lʹja), “Natalia”) + -ша (-ša) → Ната́ша (Natáša, “Natasha”)
- Па́(вел) (Pá(vel), “Pavel”) + -ша (-ša) → Па́ша (Páša, “Pasha”)
Declension
Declension of -ша, -ша́ (anim fem-form sibilant-stem accent-a/b)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -ша, -ша́ -ša, -šá |
-ши, -ши́ -ši, -ší |
| genitive | -ши, -ши́ -ši, -ší |
-ш, -ше́й -š, -šéj |
| dative | -ше, -ше́ -še, -šé |
-шам, -ша́м -šam, -šám |
| accusative | -шу, -шу́ -šu, -šú |
-ш, -ше́й -š, -šéj |
| instrumental | -шей, -шею, -шо́й, -шо́ю -šej, -šeju, -šój, -šóju |
-шами, -ша́ми -šami, -šámi |
| prepositional | -ше, -ше́ -še, -šé |
-шах, -ша́х -šax, -šáx |
Pre-reform declension of -ша, -ша́ (anim fem-form sibilant-stem accent-a/b)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -ша, -ша́ -ša, -šá |
-ши, -ши́ -ši, -ší |
| genitive | -ши, -ши́ -ši, -ší |
-шъ, -ше́й -š, -šéj |
| dative | -шѣ, -шѣ́ -šě, -šě́ |
-шамъ, -ша́мъ -šam, -šám |
| accusative | -шу, -шу́ -šu, -šú |
-шъ, -ше́й -š, -šéj |
| instrumental | -шей, -шею, -шо́й, -шо́ю -šej, -šeju, -šój, -šóju |
-шами, -ша́ми -šami, -šámi |
| prepositional | -шѣ, -шѣ́ -šě, -šě́ |
-шахъ, -ша́хъ -šax, -šáx |
Derived terms
Russian terms suffixed with -ша
Descendants
- Esperanto: -ĉjo
See also
- -ёк (-jók), -енька (-enʹka), -ечка (-ečka), -ля (-lja), -ня (-nja), -очка (-očka), -онька (-onʹka), -ря (-rja), -ся (-sja), -ья (-ʹja)
Ukrainian
Etymology
Pronunciation
- -ша: IPA(key): [ ʃa]
- -ша́: IPA(key): [ ˈʃa] (rare)
Suffix
-ша • (-ša) f anim or m anim
- (feminine) Forms female equivalents of nouns denoting males, or nouns denoting the wife of the male equivalent.
- генера́л (henerál, “general”) + -ша (-ša) → генера́льша (henerálʹša, “generaless, female general”)
- (masculine or feminine) Used to make diminutive forms of words, including personal names. When added to personal names, the name is normally truncated, typically down to a single syllable consisting of a consonant + vowel.
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -́ша, -ша́ -́ša, -šá |
-ші́ -ší |
| genitive | -ші́ -ší |
-́ш, -ші́в -́š, -šív |
| dative | -ші́ -ší |
-ша́м -šám |
| accusative | -шу́ -šú |
-́ш, -ші́в -́š, -šív |
| instrumental | -ше́ю -šéju |
-ша́ми -šámy |
| locative | -ші́ -ší |
-ша́х -šáx |
| vocative | -ше́ -šé |
-ші́ -ší |