-ль

Russian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-lь, from *-lъ +‎ *-ь. Compare -ель (-elʹ), -лый (-lyj).

Suffix

-ль • (-lʹ) f

  1. Unproductive suffix forming action nouns
    ‎порасти́ (porastí, “to grow shoots”) + ‎-ль (-lʹ) → ‎по́росль (póroslʹ, “shoots”)
    ‎прибы́ть (pribýtʹ, “to rise”) + ‎-ль (-lʹ) → ‎при́быль (príbylʹ, “rise, increase”)
    ‎уста́ть (ustátʹ, “to get tired”) + ‎-ль (-lʹ) → ‎у́сталь (ústalʹ, “fatigue”)

Declension

Declension of -ль (inan fem-form 3rd-decl accent-a) 
singular plural
nominative -ль
-lʹ 		-ли
-li
genitive -ли
-li 		-лей
-lej
dative -ли
-li 		-лям
-ljam
accusative -ль
-lʹ 		-ли
-li
instrumental -лью
-lʹju 		-лями
-ljami
prepositional -ли
-li 		-лях
-ljax

Derived terms

Russian terms suffixed with -ль
быль
гниль
заросль
коваль
невидаль
прибыль
рубль
усталь

Ukrainian

Etymology 1

  • Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European *-lós
    Proto-Slavic *-lъ
    Ukrainian л(ий) (l(yj))
    Proto-Indo-European *-is
    Proto-Slavic *-ь
    Ukrainian -ь (-ʹ)
    Ukrainian -ль (-lʹ)

    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-lь, from *-lъ +‎ *-ь. Cognate with Russian -ль (-lʹ).

    Suffix

    -ль • (-lʹ) f (variant -ель, Etymology 1)

    1. Unproductive suffix which forms action resulting nouns
      ‎гни́ти (hnýty, “to rot”) + ‎-ль (-lʹ) → ‎гни́ль f (hnýlʹ, “rotenness”)
    Declension
    Declension of -́ль
    (inan 3rd-decl fem-form accent-a)
    singular plural
    nominative -́ль
    -́lʹ     		-лі́
    -lí
    genitive -лі́
    -lí     		-ле́й
    -léj
    dative -лі́
    -lí     		-ля́м
    -ljám
    accusative -́ль
    -́lʹ     		-лі́
    -lí
    instrumental -лю́
    -ljú     		-ля́ми
    -ljámy
    locative -лі́
    -lí     		-ля́х
    -ljáx
    vocative -ле́
    -lé     		-лі́
    -lí
    Derived terms
    Ukrainian terms suffixed with -ль (fem)
    -аль
    гниль
    -ель
    -іль
    -льний

    Etymology 2

  • Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European *-lós
    Proto-Slavic *-lъ
    Ukrainian -лий (-lyj)der.
    Ukrainian -ль (-lʹ)

    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-lъ. Compare -ель (-elʹ, Etymology 2).

    Suffix

    -ль • (-lʹ) m (variant -ель, Etymology 2)

    1. Unproductive suffix which forms action resulting nouns
      ‎руби́ти (rubýty, “to chop”) + ‎-ль (-lʹ) → ‎рубль m (rublʹ, “rouble”, (historical) coin-like chopped bullion)
    Declension
    Declension of -́ль
    (inan soft masc-form accent-a)
    singular plural
    nominative -́ль
    -́lʹ     		-лі́
    -lí
    genitive -ля́
    -ljá     		-лі́в
    -lív
    dative -ле́ві, -лю́
    -lévi, -ljú     		-ля́м
    -ljám
    accusative -́ль
    -́lʹ     		-лі́
    -lí
    instrumental -ле́м
    -lém     		-ля́ми
    -ljámy
    locative -лю́, -лі́
    -ljú, -lí     		-ля́х
    -ljáx
    vocative -лю́
    -ljú     		-лі́
    -lí

    Derived terms

    Ukrainian terms suffixed with -ль
    -ель
    -льня

    Etymology 3

    See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

    Suffix

    -ль • (-lʹ) n inan or f anim

    1. genitive plural of -лля / -ля (-llja)

    References

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