-ений

• IPA^(key): [ˈɛnei̯]

Inherited from Old Ruthenian -еный (-enyj), from Old East Slavic -енъ (-jenŭ), from Proto-Slavic *-jenъ.

• -єний (-jenyj) (after stems ending in -ї)

-ений • (-enyj) m (feminine -ена, adverbial -ено, variant -єний)

1. Used to form past passive participles from imperfective and perfective verbs:
   1. сlass 4 verbs (suffixed with -ити (-yty))

      ‎роби́ти impf (robýty, “to do, to make”) + ‎-ений (-enyj) → ‎ро́блений impf (róblenyj, “done, made”)

      ‎народи́ти pf (narodýty, “to birth”) + ‎-ений (-enyj) → ‎наро́джений pf (naródženyj, “born”)

      ‎запроси́ти pf (zaprosýty, “to invite”) + ‎-ений (-enyj) → ‎запро́шений pf (zapróšenyj, “invited”)

      ‎створи́ти pf (stvorýty, “to create”) + ‎-ений (-enyj) → ‎ство́рений pf (stvórenyj, “created”)

      ‎роззбро́їти pf (rozzbrójity, “to disarm”) + ‎-ений (-enyj) → ‎роззбро́єний pf (rozzbrójenyj, “disarmed”)

   2. some сlass 5 verbs, suffixed with -іти (-ity)

      ‎велі́ти impf or pf (velíty, “to command, to order”) + ‎-ений (-enyj) → ‎ве́лений impf or pf (vélenyj, “commanded, ordered”)

      ‎верті́ти impf (vertíty, “to spin, to drill”) + ‎-ений (-enyj) → ‎ве́рчений impf (vérčenyj, “spun, drilled”)

   3. сlass 8 verbs (verbs ending in -оти (-oty))

      ‎моло́ти impf (molóty, “to grind, to mill”) + ‎-ений (-enyj) → ‎ме́лений impf (mélenyj, “ground, milled”)

      ‎розколо́ти pf (rozkolóty, “to split, to shattered”) + ‎-ений (-enyj) → ‎розко́лений pf (rozkólenyj, “split, shattered”)

• This suffix triggers iotation (unlike the homophonous suffix below).

Inherited from Old Ruthenian -еный (-enyj), from Old East Slavic -енъ (-jenŭ), from Proto-Slavic *-enъ.

-ений • (-enyj) m (feminine -ена, adverbial -ено)

1. Used to form past passive participles from imperfective and perfective verbs:
   1. сlass 3 verbs (suffixed with -нути (-nuty))

      ‎поверну́ти pf (povernúty, “to return, to turn”) + ‎-ений (-enyj) → ‎пове́рнений pf (povérnenyj, “returned, turned”)

      ‎ки́нути pf (kýnuty, “to throw, to leave”) + ‎-ений (-enyj) → ‎ки́нений pf (kýnenyj, “thrown, left”)

   2. сlass 7 verbs (suffixed with -ти (-ty))

      ‎кра́сти impf (krásty, “to steal”) + ‎-ений (-enyj) → ‎кра́дений impf (krádenyj, “stolen”)

      ‎довести́ pf (dovestý, “to prove, to bring”) + ‎-ений (-enyj) → ‎дове́дений impf (dovédenyj, “proven, brought”)

      ‎принести́ pf (prynestý, “to bring”) + ‎-ений (-enyj) → ‎прине́сений pf (prynésenyj, “brought”)

      ‎згребти́ pf (zhrebtý, “to rake in, to rake up”) + ‎-ений (-enyj) → ‎згре́бений pf (zhrébenyj, “raked in, raked up”)

   3. сlass 8 verbs (suffixed with -ти (-ty))

      ‎пекти́ impf (pektý, “to bake, to roast”) + ‎-ений (-enyj) → ‎пе́чений impf (péčenyj, “baked, roasted”)

      ‎перемогти́ pf (peremohtý, “to defeat”) + ‎-ений (-enyj) → ‎перемо́жений pf (peremóženyj, “defeated”)

   4. some irregular verbs

      ‎знайти́ pf (znajtý, “to find”) + ‎-ений (-enyj) → ‎зна́йдений pf (znájdenyj, “found”)

      ‎з'ї́сти pf (zʺjísty, “to eat”) + ‎-ений (-enyj) → ‎з'ї́дений pf (zʺjídenyj, “eaten”)

• This suffix triggers the Slavic first palatalization of velars, but does not trigger iotation (unlike the homophonous suffix above).