陽炎

陽炎

1. dazzling sunlight, glare of sunlight

*/kaɡerʷo pʷi/ → /kaɡirohi/ → /kaɡiroi/

Originally a compound of かげる (kageru, “to shine, to shimmer”, obsolete, only found in compounds; cognate with 影 kage, “shadow”, and with the kaga element in 炫 kaga, kagaya, “shining, shimmering”; 輝く kagayaku, “to shine, to sparkle”) +‎ 火 (hi, “fire, flame”).^[1] In non-final position, /e/ raises to /i/ in Japanese.

• (Tokyo) かぎろい [kàgíróí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ka̠ɡʲiɾo̞i]

陽炎(かぎろい) • (kagiroi) ^{←かぎろひ (kagirofi)?}

1. (archaic) heat shimmer, heat haze
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 10, poem 1835:
     , text here:

     今更 雪零目八方 蜻火之 燎留春部常 成西物乎

     今さらに 雪降らめやも かぎろひの 燃ゆる春へと なりにしものを

     いまさらに ゆきふらめやも かぎろひの もゆるはるへと なりにしものを

     Ima sara ni / yuki furame ya mo / kagirohi no / moyuru haru he to / narinishi mono wo

     And now already, when snow shall not fall, it has become the springtime with its smouldering heat haze

2. (archaic) the glow of dawn
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 1, poem 48:
     , text here:

     東 野炎 立所見而 反見為者 月西渡

     東の 野にかぎろひの 立つ見えて かへり見すれば 月かたぶきぬ

     ひむがしの のにかぎろひの たつみえて かへりみすれば つきかたぶきぬ

     Himugashi no / no ni kagirohi no / tatsu miete / kaherimi sureba / tsuki katabukinu

     In the field of the east, the start of the dawn's glow can be seen, and looking back the other way, the moon has begun to set

In general use, this term has been replaced by the modern form kagerō below.

Used in poetry and formal writing as a 枕詞 (makura kotoba), a kind of epithet, to precede certain terms.

• 陽炎の春 (kagiroi no haru): “heat-hazy spring” → introduces the idea of springtime, from the way that fields often shimmer in the heat of a sunny spring day.
• 陽炎の心燃ゆ (kagiroi no kokoro-moyu): “heat-hazy heart-burning” → in reference to the heat of one's passion (note that this is not heartburn in the English term's sense of indigestion).

/kaɡiroi/ → /kaɡeroi/

Traditionally described as a shift in pronunciation from kagiroi above.^[1] However, this might be the original form.

• (Tokyo) かげろい [kàgéróí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ka̠ɡe̞ɾo̞i]

陽炎(かげろい) • (kageroi) ^{←かげろひ (kagerofi)?}

1. (archaic) heat shimmer, heat haze

In general use, this term has been replaced by the modern form kagerō below.

/kaɡeroi/ → /kaɡerou/ → /kaɡeroː/

Shift in pronunciation from kageroi above, via vowel backing and raising of /fi/ > */fo/ > /fu/, reminiscent of 火 (ho-, “fire”) and Eastern Old Japanese 火 (pu, “fire”).^[1] This is the most common reading.

Starting from the Heian period, used in poetry to allude to something indistinct, or something that might not be there; compare use of the English term mirage.

Associated with the season of spring.

• (Tokyo) かげろー [kàgéꜜròò] (Nakadaka – [2])^[2][3]
• (Tokyo) かげろー [kàgéróó] (Heiban – [0])^[3]
• IPA^(key): [ka̠ɡe̞ɾo̞ː]

陽炎(かげろう) or 陽炎(カゲロウ) • (kagerō) 

1. heat shimmer, heat haze
2. (by extension) ephemerality

• 陽炎(かげろう)稲妻(いなずま)水(みず)の月(つき) (kagerō inazuma mizu no tsuki): “heat haze, lightning, the moon [reflected] in water” → a metaphor for something unobtainable; compare pie in the sky

This kagerō form is the modern reading.

Used in writing as a 枕詞 (makura kotoba), a kind of epithet, to precede certain terms.

• 陽炎の小野 (kagerō no Ono): “heat-hazy Ono” → introduces places called Ono (literally “small field”), from the way that fields often shimmer in the heat of a sunny day.
• 陽炎の石 (kagerō no ishi): “heat-hazy stones” → in reference to a place with exposed stone, such as a stone wall, boulders, or a riverbed.

/jauen/ → /jɔːen/ → /joːen/

From Middle Chinese compound 陽炎 / 阳炎 (yang hjem, literally “sun + burn, blazing”). Compare modern Mandarin 陽炎／阳炎 (yángyán, “sun glare”).

• (Tokyo) よーえん [yòóéń] (Heiban – [0])^[3]
• IPA^(key): [jo̞ːẽ̞ɴ]

陽(よう)炎(えん) • (yōen) ^{←やうえん (yauen)?}

1. heat shimmer, heat haze

Less common than the kagerō reading above.

• “〈陽炎〉”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

陽炎 • (yang'yeom) (hangeul 양염)

1. hanja form^? of 양염 (“heat haze; waves of heat; heat waves; (a veil of) heat shimmer; shimmering of heated air”)