暴戾恣睢

Chinese

	ruthless; tyrannical	unbridled; unrestrained; unruly unbridled; unrestrained; unruly; licentious; contented
trad. (暴戾恣睢)	暴戾	恣睢
simp. ^#(暴戾恣睢)	暴戾	恣睢
alternative forms	暴厲恣睢／暴厉恣睢

Etymology

From Shiji, Vol. LXI (《史記·伯夷列傳》):

天之報施善人，其何如哉？盜蹠日殺不辜，肝人之肉，暴戾恣睢，聚黨數千人橫行天下，竟以壽終。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]

天之报施善人，其何如哉？盗蹠日杀不辜，肝人之肉，暴戾恣睢，聚党数千人横行天下，竟以寿终。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

Tiān zhī bàoshī shànrén, qí hérú zāi? Dào Zhí rì shā bùgū, gān rén zhī ròu, bàolì zìsuī, jùdǎng shù qiān rén héngxíng tiānxià, jìng yǐ shòuzhōng. [Pinyin]

As for Heaven's reward for the virtuous, what is it like? Robber Zhi killed innocent people day after day, feasted on human flesh, acted with utter savagery and ruthlessness, wilfulness and arrogance, and gathered a band of thousands to spread violence throughout the land. Yet in the end, he died at an old age.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bàolì-zìsuī, bàolì-cīsuī

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄗˋ ㄙㄨㄟ, ㄅㄠˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄘㄙㄨㄟ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bàolì-zìsuī
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄗˋ ㄙㄨㄟ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bàolìzìhsuei
  - Wade–Giles: pao⁴-li⁴-tzŭ⁴-sui¹
  - Yale: bàu-lì-dz̀-swēi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bawlihtzyhsuei
  - Palladius: баолицзысуй (baoliczysuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹ su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bàolì-cīsuī
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄘㄙㄨㄟ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bàolìcihsuei
  - Wade–Giles: pao⁴-li⁴-tzʻŭ¹-sui¹
  - Yale: bàu-lì-tsz̄-swēi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bawlihtsysuei
  - Palladius: баолицысуй (baolicysuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩⁵⁵ su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: bawH lejH tsijH xjwij|xjwijH

Rime
Character	暴	戾	恣	睢	睢
Reading #	1/2	1/2	1/1	3/4	4/4
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	來 (37)	精 (13)	曉 (32)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	齊 (39)	脂 (15)	脂 (16)	脂 (16)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	IV	III	III	III
Fanqie	薄報切	郎計切	資四切	許維切	香季切
Baxter	bawH	lejH	tsijH	xjwij	xjwijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɑu^H/	/lei^H/	/t͡siɪ^H/	/hiuɪ/	/hiuɪ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/bɑu^H/	/lei^H/	/t͡si^H/	/hʷi/	/hʷi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/bɑu^H/	/lɛi^H/	/t͡sjɪ^H/	/xjuɪ/	/xjuɪ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/baw^H/	/lɛj^H/	/t͡si^H/	/hwi/	/hwi^H/
Li Rong	/bɑu^H/	/lei^H/	/t͡si^H/	/xui/	/xui^H/
Wang Li	/bɑu^H/	/liei^H/	/t͡si^H/	/xwi/	/xwi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱɑu^H/	/liei^H/	/t͡si^H/	/xwi/	/xwi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bào	lì	zì	huī	huì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bou⁶	lai⁶	zi³	fai¹	fai³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*boːwɢs rɯːds ʔslis qʰʷi|qʰʷils/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	暴	戾	恣
Reading #	1/2	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bào	lì	zì
Middle Chinese	‹ baw^H ›	‹ lej^H ›	‹ tsij^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]ˁawk-s/	/*[r]ˁe[t]-s/	/*tsi[t]-s/
English	violent	transgress	unrestrained, license
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	暴	戾	恣	睢	睢
Reading #	1/2	1/2	1/1	3/4	4/4
No.	330	7942	1790	12848	12850
Phonetic component	暴	戾	次	唯	唯
Rime group	貌	隊	脂	脂	脂
Rime subdivision	3	1	2	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	暴	麗	恣	倠	䁤
Old Chinese	/*boːwɢs/	/*rɯːds/	/*ʔslis/	/*qʰʷi/	/*qʰʷils/

Idiom

暴戾恣睢

(literary) extremely cruel and despotic