Ἔφεσος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Luwian [Term?] (/⁠Apa-ša⁠/, literally “later-city”), the prefix of which is cognate with ἐπί (epí, “on, over”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /é.pʰe.sos/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈe.pʰe.sos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.ɸe.sos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.fe.sos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈe.fe.sos/

Proper noun

Ἔφεσος • (Éphesos) f (genitive Ἐφέσου); second declension

Ephesus (an ancient Ionian city in western Anatolia, near Selçuk in modern İzmir Province, Turkey)

Inflection

Second declension of ἡ Ἔφεσος; τῆς Ἐφέσου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ἡ Ἔφεσος hē Éphesos
Genitive	τῆς Ἐφέσου tês Ephésou
Dative	τῇ Ἐφέσῳ tēî Ephésōi
Accusative	τὴν Ἔφεσον tḕn Épheson
Vocative	Ἔφεσε Éphese
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

Ἐφεσήϊα (Ephesḗïa)
Ἐφεσηοκίκης (Ephesēokíkēs)
Ἐφεσία (Ephesía)
Ἐφέσιος (Ephésios)
Ἐφεσίς (Ephesís)

Descendants

Greek: Έφεσος (Éfesos)
→ Old Armenian: Եփեսոս (Epʻesos)
- Armenian: Եփեսոս (Epʻesos)
→ Latin: Ephesus
- Catalan: Efes
- French: Éphèse
- Italian: Efeso
- Portuguese: Éfeso
- Romanian: Efes
- Spanish: Éfeso
- → English: Ephesus
- → Irish: Eifeasas
- → Old Irish: Ephis
  - Irish: Eiphis, Eifís (both obsolete; replaced by re-borrowed term Eifeasas)
→ Ottoman Turkish: افس (efes)
- Turkish: Efes

Further reading

“Ἔφεσος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
G2181 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,009