स्पृध्
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- স্পৃধ্ (Assamese script)
- ᬲ᭄ᬧᬺᬥ᭄ (Balinese script)
- স্পৃধ্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰭𑰿𑰢𑰴𑰠𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀲𑁆𑀧𑀾𑀥𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- သ္ပၖဓ် (Burmese script)
- સ્પૃધ્ (Gujarati script)
- ਸ੍ਪ੍ਰਧ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌸𑍍𑌪𑍃𑌧𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦱ꧀ꦥꦽꦣ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂮𑂹𑂣𑃂𑂡𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ಸ್ಪೃಧ್ (Kannada script)
- ស្ប្ឫធ៑ (Khmer script)
- ສ຺ປ຺ຣິຘ຺ (Lao script)
- സ്പൃധ് (Malayalam script)
- ᠰᢒᡵᡳᢡ (Manchu script)
- 𑘭𑘿𑘢𑘵𑘠𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᠰᢒᠷᠢᢑᠾ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧍𑧠𑧂𑧖𑧀𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐳𑑂𑐥𑐺𑐢𑑂 (Newa script)
- ସ୍ପୃଧ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢱ꣄ꢦꢺꢤ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆱𑇀𑆥𑆸𑆣𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖭𑖿𑖢𑖴𑖠𑖿 (Siddham script)
- ස්පෘධ් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪁 𑪙𑩰𑩙𑩮 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚨𑚶𑚞𑚜𑚶 (Takri script)
- ஸ்ப்ரித்⁴ (Tamil script)
- స్పృధ్ (Telugu script)
- สฺปฺฤธฺ (Thai script)
- སྤྲྀ་དྷ྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒮𑓂𑒣𑒵𑒡𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨰𑩇𑨞𑨼𑨉𑨜𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *spŕ̥dʰ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *spŕ̥dʰ, from Proto-Indo-European *spŕ̥dʰ, from the root *sperdʰ-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛 (spərəd), Hittite [script needed] (iš-par-zi-zi /išpartzi/), Proto-Germanic *spurdz.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /spŕ̩dʱ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /s̪pr̩d̪ʱ/
Adjective
स्पृध् • (spṛ́dh) stem
- emulous, vying with
Noun
स्पृध् • (spṛ́dh) stem, f
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | स्पृत् (spṛ́t) | स्पृधौ (spṛ́dhau) स्पृधा¹ (spṛ́dhā¹) |
स्पृधः (spṛ́dhaḥ) |
| accusative | स्पृधम् (spṛ́dham) | स्पृधौ (spṛ́dhau) स्पृधा¹ (spṛ́dhā¹) |
स्पृधः (spṛ́dhaḥ) |
| instrumental | स्पृधा (spṛdhā́) | स्पृद्भ्याम् (spṛdbhyā́m) | स्पृद्भिः (spṛdbhíḥ) |
| dative | स्पृधे (spṛdhé) | स्पृद्भ्याम् (spṛdbhyā́m) | स्पृद्भ्यः (spṛdbhyáḥ) |
| ablative | स्पृधः (spṛdháḥ) | स्पृद्भ्याम् (spṛdbhyā́m) | स्पृद्भ्यः (spṛdbhyáḥ) |
| genitive | स्पृधः (spṛdháḥ) | स्पृधोः (spṛdhóḥ) | स्पृधाम् (spṛdhā́m) |
| locative | स्पृधि (spṛdhí) | स्पृधोः (spṛdhóḥ) | स्पृत्सु (spṛtsú) |
| vocative | स्पृत् (spṛ́t) | स्पृधौ (spṛ́dhau) स्पृधा¹ (spṛ́dhā¹) |
स्पृधः (spṛ́dhaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
Etymology 2
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sperdʰ-
Sanskrit स्पृध् (spṛdh)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *spardʰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *sperdʰ-.[1][2]
Root
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Sanskrit terms belonging to the root स्पृध् (0 c, 2 e)
Category Terms derived from the Sanskrit root स्पृध् not found
- Primary Verbal Forms
- स्पर्ध॑ते (spárdhate) (Present)
- स्पर्धति (spardhati) (Present)
- स्पर्धिष्यते (spardhiṣyate) (Future)
- स्पर्धिता (spardhitā) (Periphrastic Future)
- अस्पृध्रन् (aspṛdhran) (Aorist)
- स्पृ॒धा॒न (spṛdhāná) (Aorist)
- अस्पर्धिष्ट (aspardhiṣṭa) (Aorist)
- प॒स्पृ॒धे (paspṛdhé) (Perfect)
- पस्पर्ध (paspardha) (Perfect)
- Non-Finite Forms
- स्पर्धित (spardhita) (Past Participle)
- स्पर्धि॑तुम् (spárdhitum) (Infinitive)
- स्पू॒र्धसे॑ (spūrdháse) (Infinitive)
- स्पृध्य॑ (spṛ́dhya) (Gerund)
- स्पर्ध्य (spardhya) (Gerundive)
- स्पर्धनीय (spardhanīya) (Gerundive)
- Derived Nominal Forms
- स्पर्धा (spardhā)
- स्पर्धस् (spardhas)
- स्पर्धिन् (spardhin)
- Prefixed Root Forms
- विस्पृध् (vispṛdh)
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “SPARDH”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 774
- ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “spardh”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 466
- ^ Monier Williams (1899), “स्पर्ध्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1268, column 2.
- ^ William Dwight Whitney (1885), The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 196
- ^ पाणिनि [Pāṇini] (c. 600–400 BCE), धातुपाठः [Dhātupāṭhaḥ] (in Sanskrit), verse 1.3
Further reading
- Otto Böhtlingk; Richard Schmidt (1879-1928), “स्पृध्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893), “स्पृध्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025), “spṛdh”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 580
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), “995”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 995