यथा

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit यथा (yathā).

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /jə.t̪ʰɑː/, [jɐ.t̪ʰäː]

Adverb

यथा • (yathā)

(literary, formal) thus, therefore
(literary, formal) namely, videlicet
Synonym: जैसे (jaise)

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

yathā (Latin script)
𑀬𑀣𑀸 (Brahmi script)
যথা (Bengali script)
යථා (Sinhalese script)
ယထာ or ယထႃ (Burmese script)
ยถา or ยะถา (Thai script)
ᨿᨳᩣ (Tai Tham script)
ຍຖາ or ຍະຖາ or ຢະຖາ (Lao script)
យថា (Khmer script)
𑄠𑄗𑄂 (Chakma script)

Adverb

यथा (yathā)

Devanagari script form of yathā

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

যথা (Assamese script)
ᬬᬣᬵ (Balinese script)
যথা (Bengali script)
𑰧𑰞𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀬𑀣𑀸 (Brahmi script)
ယထာ (Burmese script)
યથા (Gujarati script)
ਯਥਾ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌯𑌥𑌾 (Grantha script)
ꦪꦡꦴ (Javanese script)
𑂨𑂟𑂰 (Kaithi script)
ಯಥಾ (Kannada script)
យថា (Khmer script)
ຍຖາ (Lao script)
യഥാ (Malayalam script)
ᠶᠠᡨᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
𑘧𑘞𑘰 (Modi script)
ᠶ᠋ᠠᠲᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
𑧇𑦾𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
𑐫𑐠𑐵 (Newa script)
ଯଥା (Odia script)
ꢫꢢꢵ (Saurashtra script)
𑆪𑆡𑆳 (Sharada script)
𑖧𑖞𑖯 (Siddham script)
යථා (Sinhalese script)
𑩻𑩬𑩛 (Soyombo script)
𑚣𑚚𑚭 (Takri script)
யத²ா (Tamil script)
యథా (Telugu script)
ยถา (Thai script)
ཡ་ཐཱ (Tibetan script)
𑒨𑒟𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
𑨪𑨚𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HyátʰaH (“as, like”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hyós. Compare Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬚𐬁 (yaθā) and Old Persian 𐎹𐎰𐎠 (y-θ-a /⁠yaθā⁠/). By surface analysis, यद् (yád) +‎ -था (-thā).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /jɐ́.tʰɑː/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /jɐ.t̪ʰɑː/

Adverb

यथा • (yáthā)

in which manner or way, according as, as, like
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.78.7:
  यथा॒ वातः॑ पुष्क॒रिणीं॑ समि॒ङ्गय॑ति स॒र्वतः॑ ।
  ए॒वा ते॒ गर्भ॑ एजतु नि॒रैतु॒ दश॑मास्यः ॥
  yáthā vā́taḥ puṣkaríṇīṃ samiṅgáyati sarvátaḥ.
  evā́ te gárbha ejatu niráitu dáśamāsyaḥ.
  Move the unborn baby inside you just like the wind on every side ruffles a pool of lotuses,
  So that the ten-month baby may be born.

Descendants

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀬𑀣𑀸 (yathā)
- Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀚𑀳 (jaha), 𑀚𑀳𑀸 (jahā)
- Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀬𑀥𑀸 (yadhā)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀚𑀳 (jaha), 𑀚𑀳𑀸 (jahā)
- Paisaci Prakrit:
  - Takka Apabhramsa: [script needed] (jidha /⁠ਜਿਧ⁠/)
    - Punjabi: ਜਿਹਾ (jihā)
  - Vracada Apabhramsa:
    - Sindhi:
      Arabic script: جان
      Devanagari script: जां
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀚𑀥 (jadha), 𑀚𑀥𑀸 (jadhā)
Gandhari: 𐨩𐨯 (yasa)
Pali: yathā
→ Hindi: यथा (yathā)
→ Bengali: যথা (jotha)

References

Monier Williams (1899), “Yáthā”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 841, column 2.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “yáthā”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 397
Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “yáthā”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 613