त्रयोदश
Sanskrit
| ← 12 | १३ 13 |
14 → |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: त्रयोदश (trayodaśa) Ordinal: त्रयोदश (trayodaśa) Multiplier: त्रयोदशधा (trayodaśadhā) | ||
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ত্ৰয়োদশ (Assamese script)
- ᬢ᭄ᬭᬬᭀᬤᬰ (Balinese script)
- ত্রয়োদশ (Bengali script)
- 𑰝𑰿𑰨𑰧𑰺𑰟𑰫 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀢𑁆𑀭𑀬𑁄𑀤𑀰 (Brahmi script)
- တြယောဒၐ (Burmese script)
- ત્રયોદશ (Gujarati script)
- ਤ੍ਰਯੋਦਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌤𑍍𑌰𑌯𑍋𑌦𑌶 (Grantha script)
- ꦠꦿꦪꦺꦴꦢꦯ (Javanese script)
- 𑂞𑂹𑂩𑂨𑂷𑂠𑂬 (Kaithi script)
- ತ್ರಯೋದಶ (Kannada script)
- ត្រយោទឝ (Khmer script)
- ຕ຺ຣໂຍທຨ (Lao script)
- ത്രയോദശ (Malayalam script)
- ᢠᡵᠠᠶᠣᡩᠠᡧᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘝𑘿𑘨𑘧𑘻𑘟𑘫 (Modi script)
- ᢐᠷᠠᠶ᠋ᠣᠸᠠᢑᠠᠱᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦽𑧠𑧈𑧇𑧜𑦿𑧋 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐟𑑂𑐬𑐫𑑀𑐡𑐱 (Newa script)
- ତ୍ରଯୋଦଶ (Odia script)
- ꢡ꣄ꢬꢫꣂꢣꢯ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆠𑇀𑆫𑆪𑆾𑆢𑆯 (Sharada script)
- 𑖝𑖿𑖨𑖧𑖺𑖟𑖫 (Siddham script)
- ත්රයොදශ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩫 𑪙𑩼𑩻𑩕𑩭𑩿 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚙𑚶𑚤𑚣𑚴𑚛𑚧 (Takri script)
- த்ரயோத³ஶ (Tamil script)
- త్రయోదశ (Telugu script)
- ตฺรโยทศ (Thai script)
- ཏྲ་ཡོ་ད་ཤ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒞𑓂𑒩𑒨𑒼𑒠𑒬 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨙𑩇𑨫𑨪𑨆𑨛𑨮 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *tráyazdaśa (“thirteen”), from *tráyas (“three”) + *dáśa (“ten”). See त्रयः (tráyaḥ) and दश (dáśa).
Alternative forms
- त्रयोदशन् (tráyodaśan)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /tɾɐ́.jɐw.dɐ.ɕɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /t̪ɾɐ.joː.d̪ɐ.ɕɐ/
Numeral
त्रयोदश • (tráyodaśa)
Declension
Irregular declension of त्रयोदश (tráyodaśa)
| Plural | |
|---|---|
| Nominative | त्रयोदश (tráyodaśa) |
| Vocative | त्रयोदश (tráyodaśa) |
| Accusative | त्रयोदश (tráyodaśa) |
| Instrumental | त्रयोदशभिः (trayodaśábhiḥ) |
| Dative | त्रयोदशभ्यः (trayodaśábhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | त्रयोदशभ्यः (trayodaśábhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | त्रयोदशानाम् (trayodaśānā́m) |
| Locative | त्रयोदशसु (trayodaśásu) |
Descendants
Many descendants appear to continue *trai- ~ *trayē-, rather than trayō-.
- Dardic:
- Dameli: [script needed] (troš)
- Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (lowā̃š)
- Grangali: [script needed] (ṣlewas)
- Kashmiri: ترُواہ (truwāh)
- Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (lūi)
- Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (trui)
- Phalura: [script needed] (treš)
- Savi: [script needed] (trewĩš)
- Shina: [script needed] (c̣õi)
- Shumashti: [script needed] (lāuas)
- Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (lūi)
- Southwest Pashayi: [script needed] (tri)
- Tirahi: [script needed] (tro)
- Torwali: [script needed] (c̣eš)
- Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (teherȭ)
- Pali: terasa
- Prakrit: 𑀢𑁂𑀭𑀲 (terasa) (see there for further descendants)
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “tráyodaśa”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 457, column 2.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “tráyōdaśa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 342
Etymology 2
From 'Etymology 1', with change of accent.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /tɾɐ.jɐw.dɐ.ɕɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /t̪ɾɐ.joː.d̪ɐ.ɕɐ/
Adjective
त्रयोदश • (trayodaśá) stem
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | त्रयोदशः (trayodaśáḥ) | त्रयोदशौ (trayodaśáu) त्रयोदशा¹ (trayodaśā́¹) |
त्रयोदशाः (trayodaśā́ḥ) त्रयोदशासः¹ (trayodaśā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | त्रयोदशम् (trayodaśám) | त्रयोदशौ (trayodaśáu) त्रयोदशा¹ (trayodaśā́¹) |
त्रयोदशान् (trayodaśā́n) |
| instrumental | त्रयोदशेन (trayodaśéna) | त्रयोदशाभ्याम् (trayodaśā́bhyām) | त्रयोदशैः (trayodaśáiḥ) त्रयोदशेभिः¹ (trayodaśébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | त्रयोदशाय (trayodaśā́ya) | त्रयोदशाभ्याम् (trayodaśā́bhyām) | त्रयोदशेभ्यः (trayodaśébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | त्रयोदशात् (trayodaśā́t) | त्रयोदशाभ्याम् (trayodaśā́bhyām) | त्रयोदशेभ्यः (trayodaśébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | त्रयोदशस्य (trayodaśásya) | त्रयोदशयोः (trayodaśáyoḥ) | त्रयोदशानाम् (trayodaśā́nām) |
| locative | त्रयोदशे (trayodaśé) | त्रयोदशयोः (trayodaśáyoḥ) | त्रयोदशेषु (trayodaśéṣu) |
| vocative | त्रयोदश (tráyodaśa) | त्रयोदशौ (tráyodaśau) त्रयोदशा¹ (tráyodaśā¹) |
त्रयोदशाः (tráyodaśāḥ) त्रयोदशासः¹ (tráyodaśāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | त्रयोदशी (trayodaśī́) | त्रयोदश्यौ (trayodaśyàu) त्रयोदशी¹ (trayodaśī́¹) |
त्रयोदश्यः (trayodaśyàḥ) त्रयोदशीः¹ (trayodaśī́ḥ¹) |
| accusative | त्रयोदशीम् (trayodaśī́m) | त्रयोदश्यौ (trayodaśyàu) त्रयोदशी¹ (trayodaśī́¹) |
त्रयोदशीः (trayodaśī́ḥ) |
| instrumental | त्रयोदश्या (trayodaśyā́) | त्रयोदशीभ्याम् (trayodaśī́bhyām) | त्रयोदशीभिः (trayodaśī́bhiḥ) |
| dative | त्रयोदश्यै (trayodaśyái) | त्रयोदशीभ्याम् (trayodaśī́bhyām) | त्रयोदशीभ्यः (trayodaśī́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | त्रयोदश्याः (trayodaśyā́ḥ) त्रयोदश्यै² (trayodaśyái²) |
त्रयोदशीभ्याम् (trayodaśī́bhyām) | त्रयोदशीभ्यः (trayodaśī́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | त्रयोदश्याः (trayodaśyā́ḥ) त्रयोदश्यै² (trayodaśyái²) |
त्रयोदश्योः (trayodaśyóḥ) | त्रयोदशीनाम् (trayodaśī́nām) |
| locative | त्रयोदश्याम् (trayodaśyā́m) | त्रयोदश्योः (trayodaśyóḥ) | त्रयोदशीषु (trayodaśī́ṣu) |
| vocative | त्रयोदशि (tráyodaśi) | त्रयोदश्यौ (tráyodaśyau) त्रयोदशी¹ (tráyodaśī¹) |
त्रयोदश्यः (tráyodaśyaḥ) त्रयोदशीः¹ (tráyodaśīḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | त्रयोदशम् (trayodaśám) | त्रयोदशे (trayodaśé) | त्रयोदशानि (trayodaśā́ni) त्रयोदशा¹ (trayodaśā́¹) |
| accusative | त्रयोदशम् (trayodaśám) | त्रयोदशे (trayodaśé) | त्रयोदशानि (trayodaśā́ni) त्रयोदशा¹ (trayodaśā́¹) |
| instrumental | त्रयोदशेन (trayodaśéna) | त्रयोदशाभ्याम् (trayodaśā́bhyām) | त्रयोदशैः (trayodaśáiḥ) त्रयोदशेभिः¹ (trayodaśébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | त्रयोदशाय (trayodaśā́ya) | त्रयोदशाभ्याम् (trayodaśā́bhyām) | त्रयोदशेभ्यः (trayodaśébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | त्रयोदशात् (trayodaśā́t) | त्रयोदशाभ्याम् (trayodaśā́bhyām) | त्रयोदशेभ्यः (trayodaśébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | त्रयोदशस्य (trayodaśásya) | त्रयोदशयोः (trayodaśáyoḥ) | त्रयोदशानाम् (trayodaśā́nām) |
| locative | त्रयोदशे (trayodaśé) | त्रयोदशयोः (trayodaśáyoḥ) | त्रयोदशेषु (trayodaśéṣu) |
| vocative | त्रयोदश (tráyodaśa) | त्रयोदशे (tráyodaśe) | त्रयोदशानि (tráyodaśāni) त्रयोदशा¹ (tráyodaśā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “trayodaśá”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 457, column 2.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “trayōdaśá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 342