λύσσα
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- λῠ́ττᾰ (lŭ́ttă) — Attic
Etymology
Somewhat disputedly, thought to be equivalent to λῠ́κος m (lŭ́kos, “wolf”) + -ια (-ia, abstract noun suffix) (but formed already in Proto-Hellenic, like ὄσσᾰ (óssă) and γλῶσσᾰ (glôssă), which is necessary to account for the sound shift), thus the original meaning would have been “the state of being wolfish”.
Beekes maintains this etymology but, like Pokorny, considers the Greek root for “wolf” to be from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“to shine; light”) rather than *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”) with deformation. Compare the same root in such phrases as λευκαὶ φρένες· μαινόμεναι (leukaì phrénes; mainómenai, “raging, frenzied”, literally “glowing minds raving”) and λευκῶν πραπίδων· κακῶν φρενῶν (leukôn prapídōn; kakôn phrenôn, identical meaning, literally “of evil minds of glowing hearts”).
The less commonly held comparison to λῡ́ω (lū́ō, “to untie, let loose”) is probably to be abandoned.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /lýs.sa/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈlys.sa/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈlys.sa/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈlys.sa/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈli.sa/
Noun
λῠ́σσᾰ • (lŭ́ssă) f (genitive λῠ́σσης); first declension
Declension
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ἡ λῠ́σσᾰ hē lŭ́ssă |
τὼ λῠ́σσᾱ tṑ lŭ́ssā |
αἱ λῠ́σσαι hai lŭ́ssai | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τῆς λῠ́σσης tês lŭ́ssēs |
τοῖν λῠ́σσαιν toîn lŭ́ssain |
τῶν λῠσσῶν tôn lŭssôn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῇ λῠ́σσῃ tēî lŭ́ssēi |
τοῖν λῠ́σσαιν toîn lŭ́ssain |
ταῖς λῠ́σσαις taîs lŭ́ssais | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὴν λῠ́σσᾰν tḕn lŭ́ssăn |
τὼ λῠ́σσᾱ tṑ lŭ́ssā |
τᾱ̀ς λῠ́σσᾱς tā̀s lŭ́ssās | ||||||||||
| Vocative | λῠ́σσᾰ lŭ́ssă |
λῠ́σσᾱ lŭ́ssā |
λῠ́σσαι lŭ́ssai | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ᾰ̓́λῠσσον n (ắlŭsson, “madwort”)
- ᾰ̓́λῠσσος (ắlŭssos, “curing madness”)
- ᾰ̓λῠ́σσω (ălŭ́ssō, “to be uneasy or restless”)
- ἐκλῠσσᾰ́ω (eklŭssắō, “to be raging”)
- ἐκλῠσσῶ (eklŭssô, “to be raging”)
- κῠνόλῠσσον n (kŭnólŭsson, “hydrophobia”)
- κῠνόλῠσσος m (kŭnólŭssos, “hydrophobia”)
- λῠσσαίνω (lŭssaínō, “to rant; to rave”)
- λῠσσᾰλέος (lŭssăléos, “raging mad”)
- λῠσσᾰ́ς f (lŭssắs, “raging mad”)
- λῠσσᾰ́ω (lŭssắō, “to rage”)
- λῠσσηδόν (lŭssēdón, “furiously, madly”, adverb)
- λῠσσήεις (lŭssḗeis, “like madness, maniac”)
- λῠ́σσημᾰ n (lŭ́ssēmă, “fit of madness”)
- λῠσσήρης (lŭssḗrēs, “raging mad”)
- λῠσσητήρ (lŭssētḗr, “one that is raging”)
- λῠσσητής (lŭssētḗs, “one that is raging”)
- λῠσσητῐκός (lŭssētĭkós, “driving mad”)
- λῠσσόδηκτος (lŭssódēktos, “bitten by a mad dog”)
- λῠσσοδῐ́ωκτος (lŭssodĭ́ōktos, “pursued by madness”)
- λῠσσομᾰνέω (lŭssomănéō, “to rage; to rave”)
- λῠσσομᾰνής (lŭssomănḗs, “raving mad”)
- λῠσσομᾰνῐ́ᾱ f (lŭssomănĭ́ā, “paroxysm of madness”)
- λῠσσομᾰνῶ (lŭssomănô, “to rage; to rave”)
- λῠσσομᾰχέω (lŭssomăkhéō, “to fight with rage”)
- λῠσσομᾰχῶ (lŭssomăkhô, “to fight with rage”)
- λῠσσόω (lŭssóō, “to enrage; to madden”)
- λῠσσῶ (lŭssô, “to rage”)
- λῠσσώδης (lŭssṓdēs, “like one raging; frantic”)
- λῠσσῶπῐς f (lŭssôpĭs, “with a frantic glance”)
- προλῠσσᾰ́ω (prolŭssắō, “to advance raging”)
- προσλῠσσᾰ́ω (proslŭssắō, “to rage against”)
- προσλῠσσῶ (proslŭssô, “to rage against”)
- σῠλλῠσσᾰ́ομαι (sŭllŭssắomai, “to go mad with”)
- ῠ̔πολῠσσᾰ́ω (hŭpolŭssắō, “to have a kind of madness”)
- ῠ̔πολῠσσέω (hŭpolŭsséō, “to have a kind of madness”)
Related terms
Descendants
References
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “λύσσα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 879–880
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), “leuk-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 687
- “λύσσα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek λύσσα (lússa), from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈlisa/
- Hyphenation: λύσ‧σα
Noun
λύσσα • (lýssa) f (uncountable)
- (medicine) rabies (animal and human disease caused by species of Lyssavirus)
- Φύγε μακριά απ’ αυτό το σκυλί· έχει λύσσα και αν σε δαγκώσει, τελείωσες.
- Fýge makriá ap’ aftó to skylí; échei lýssa kai an se dagkósei, teleíoses.
- Get away from that dog; it has rabies and if it bites you, you're finished.
- (figuratively) rage, fierceness, fury
- Synonyms: οργή (orgí), τρέλα (tréla), μανία (manía), ορμητικότητα (ormitikótita), αλλοφροσύνη (allofrosýni)
- Η θάλασσα χτυπούσε με λύσσα πάνω στα βράχια.
- I thálassa chtypoúse me lýssa páno sta vráchia.
- The sea bashed the rocks with fury.
- (figuratively, followed by με (me) or για (gia)) obsession with/for, mania with/for
- Synonym: μανία (manía)
- Έχω λύσσα για τον τζόγο.
- Écho lýssa gia ton tzógo.
- I am obsessed with gambling.
- overly salty food
- Αυτά τα μπιφτέκια είναι λύσσα.
- Aftá ta biftékia eínai lýssa.
- These burgers are way too salty.
- great hunger
- Ας βρούμε κάνα εστιατόριο, έχω λύσσα.
- As vroúme kána estiatório, écho lýssa.
- Let's find a restaurant, I'm famished.
Declension
| singular | |
|---|---|
| nominative | λύσσα (lýssa) |
| genitive | λύσσας (lýssas) |
| accusative | λύσσα (lýssa) |
| vocative | λύσσα (lýssa) |
Derived terms
Expressions
- έφαγα τα λυσσιακά μου (éfaga ta lyssiaká mou)
- λύσσαξα να (lýssaxa na)
- με έπιασε λύσσα κακιά (me épiase lýssa kakiá)
- με λύσσαξαν στο ξύλο (me lýssaxan sto xýlo)
Related terms
- αντιλυσσικός (antilyssikós, “anti-rabic”, adjective)
- λυσσαλέος (lyssaléos, “rabid, furious”, adjective)
- λυσσάρης (lyssáris, “rabid”, adjective)
- λυσσάρικος (lyssárikos, “rabid”, adjective)
- λυσσασμένος (lyssasménos, “rabid”, participle)
- λυσσάω (lyssáo, “to go rabid, to be furious”)
- λυσσιακά n pl (lyssiaká)
- λυσσιατρείο n (lyssiatreío, “rabies clinic”)
- λυσσίατρος m or f (lyssíatros, “rabies doctor”)
- λυσσμανάω (lyssmanáo)
- λυσσώδης (lyssódis, “frantic”, adjective)
- ψωμόλυσσα f (psomólyssa, “extreme hunger”)
- and see: λύκος m (lýkos, “wolf”)
- and see: λύχνος m (lýchnos, “lamp”)
Verb
λύσσα • (lýssa)
- second-person singular present imperfective imperative of λυσσάω (lyssáo)
- Alternative form: λύσσαγε (lýssage)
- second-person singular simple past perfective imperative of λυσσάω (lyssáo)
- Alternative form: λύσσαξε (lýssaxe)
Further reading
- λύσσα on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia el