λεύσσω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *leúťťō, from Proto-Indo-European *léwk-ye-ti, from *lewk-.[1][2]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /lěu̯s.sɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈleʍs.so/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈleɸs.so/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈlefs.so/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈlef.so/
Verb
λεύσσω • (leússō)
- to look, gaze
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Illiad 1.120:
- λεύσσετε γὰρ τὸ γε πάντες ὅ μοι γἐρας ἔρχεται αλλῃ
- leússete gàr tò ge pántes hó moi geras érkhetai allēi
- Translation by Alan J. Nussbaum
- For you all see that my prize is going elsewhere
- λεύσσετε γὰρ τὸ γε πάντες ὅ μοι γἐρας ἔρχεται αλλῃ
- c. 6th-1st century BCE, Inscriptiones Graecae IV², 1 228
- Φοίβωι καὶ μεγάλωι μ’ Ἀσκλαπιῶι ἵσατο μάτηρ Ἀρκέσα, ὡς δ’ αὔτως σύγγονος Ἀρχέμαχος, χαλκὸν ὁμοιώσαντες, ὅπως μναμεῖον ὑπάρχῃ ἀθάνατον λεύσσειν, ὦ ξένε, Νικαρέτας, ἃν Ἐπίδαυρος ἔθρεψε φίλα πατρὶς ἐσθλὸν ἔχουσα[ν] ἦθος παρθενίην τ’ αἰδὼ ἐπισταμέναν.
- Phoíbōi kaì megálōi m’ Asklapiôi hísato mátēr Arkésa, hōs d’ aútōs súngonos Arkhémakhos, khalkòn homoiṓsantes, hópōs mnameîon hupárkhēi athánaton leússein, ô xéne, Nikarétas, hàn Epídauros éthrepse phíla patrìs esthlòn ékhousa[n] êthos partheníēn t’ aidṑ epistaménan.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 405 BCE, Euripides, The Bacchae 620-622:
- θυμὸν ἐκπνέων, ἱδρῶτα σώματος στάζων ἄπο, χείλεσιν διδοὺς ὀδόντας· πλησίον δʼ ἐγὼ παρὼν ἥσυχος θάσσων ἔλευσσον.
- thumòn ekpnéōn, hidrôta sṓmatos stázōn ápo, kheílesin didoùs odóntas; plēsíon d egṑ parṑn hḗsukhos thássōn éleusson.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- θυμὸν ἐκπνέων, ἱδρῶτα σώματος στάζων ἄπο, χείλεσιν διδοὺς ὀδόντας· πλησίον δʼ ἐγὼ παρὼν ἥσυχος θάσσων ἔλευσσον.
Usage notes
The Arcadian forms λευτον (leuton) and λευτοντες (leutontes) attest to an Arcadian variant λευτω (leutō). Though, the etymology of this Arcadian form is convoluted and its exact relationship to λεύσσω (leússō) is uncertain.The form λευσοντες (leusontes) may also be read in the Arcadian inscription alongside λευτον (leuton), perhaps indicating that Arcadian contained λευτω (leutō) alongside λεύσ(σ)ω (leús(s)ō).
Conjugation
Present: λεύσσω, λεύσσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | λεύσσω | λεύσσεις | λεύσσει | λεύσσετον | λεύσσετον | λεύσσομεν | λεύσσετε | λεύσσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | λεύσσω | λεύσσῃς | λεύσσῃ | λεύσσητον | λεύσσητον | λεύσσωμεν | λεύσσητε | λεύσσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | λεύσσοιμῐ | λεύσσοις | λεύσσοι | λεύσσοιτον | λευσσοίτην | λεύσσοιμεν | λεύσσοιτε | λεύσσοιεν | |||||
| imperative | λεῦσσε | λευσσέτω | λεύσσετον | λευσσέτων | λεύσσετε | λευσσόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | λεύσσομαι | λεύσσῃ / λεύσσει | λεύσσεται | λεύσσεσθον | λεύσσεσθον | λευσσόμεθᾰ | λεύσσεσθε | λεύσσονται | ||||
| subjunctive | λεύσσωμαι | λεύσσῃ | λεύσσηται | λεύσσησθον | λεύσσησθον | λευσσώμεθᾰ | λεύσσησθε | λεύσσωνται | |||||
| optative | λευσσοίμην | λεύσσοιο | λεύσσοιτο | λεύσσοισθον | λευσσοίσθην | λευσσοίμεθᾰ | λεύσσοισθε | λεύσσοιντο | |||||
| imperative | λεύσσου | λευσσέσθω | λεύσσεσθον | λευσσέσθων | λεύσσεσθε | λευσσέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | λεύσσειν | λεύσσεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | λεύσσων | λευσσόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | λεύσσουσᾰ | λευσσομένη | |||||||||||
| n | λεῦσσον | λευσσόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἔλευσσον, ἐλευσσόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔλευσσον | ἔλευσσες | ἔλευσσε(ν) | ἐλεύσσετον | ἐλευσσέτην | ἐλεύσσομεν | ἐλεύσσετε | ἔλευσσον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐλευσσόμην | ἐλεύσσου | ἐλεύσσετο | ἐλεύσσεσθον | ἐλευσσέσθην | ἐλευσσόμεθᾰ | ἐλεύσσεσθε | ἐλεύσσοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | λεῦσσον | λεῦσσες | λεῦσσε(ν) | λεύσσετον | λευσσέτην | λεύσσομεν | λεύσσετε | λεῦσσον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | λευσσόμην | λεύσσου | λεύσσετο | λεύσσεσθον | λευσσέσθην | λευσσόμεθᾰ | λεύσσεσθε | λεύσσοντο | ||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | λεύσσεσκον | λεύσσεσκες | λεύσσεσκε(ν) | λευσσέσκετον | λευσσεσκέτην | λευσσέσκομεν | λευσσέσκετε | λεύσσεσκον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | λευσσεσκόμην | λευσσέσκου | λευσσέσκετο | λευσσέσκεσθον | λευσσεσκέσθην | λευσσεσκόμεθᾰ | λευσσέσκεσθε | λευσσέσκοντο | ||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: λεύσω, λεύσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | λεύσω | λεύσεις | λεύσει | λεύσετον | λεύσετον | λεύσομεν | λεύσετε | λεύσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | λεύσοιμῐ | λεύσοις | λεύσοι | λεύσοιτον | λευσοίτην | λεύσοιμεν | λεύσοιτε | λεύσοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | λεύσομαι | λεύσῃ / λεύσει | λεύσεται | λεύσεσθον | λεύσεσθον | λευσόμεθᾰ | λεύσεσθε | λεύσονται | ||||
| optative | λευσοίμην | λεύσοιο | λεύσοιτο | λεύσοισθον | λευσοίσθην | λευσοίμεθᾰ | λεύσοισθε | λεύσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | λεύσειν | λεύσεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | λεύσων | λευσόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | λεύσουσᾰ | λευσομένη | |||||||||||
| n | λεῦσον | λευσόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἔλευσᾰ, ἐλευσᾰ́μην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔλευσᾰ | ἔλευσᾰς | ἔλευσε(ν) | ἐλεύσᾰτον | ἐλευσᾰ́την | ἐλεύσᾰμεν | ἐλεύσᾰτε | ἔλευσᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | λεύσω | λεύσῃς | λεύσῃ | λεύσητον | λεύσητον | λεύσωμεν | λεύσητε | λεύσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | λεύσαιμῐ | λεύσειᾰς / λεύσαις | λεύσειε(ν) / λεύσαι | λεύσαιτον | λευσαίτην | λεύσαιμεν | λεύσαιτε | λεύσειᾰν / λεύσαιεν | |||||
| imperative | λεῦσον | λευσᾰ́τω | λεύσᾰτον | λευσᾰ́των | λεύσᾰτε | λευσᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐλευσᾰ́μην | ἐλεύσω | ἐλεύσᾰτο | ἐλεύσᾰσθον | ἐλευσᾰ́σθην | ἐλευσᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐλεύσᾰσθε | ἐλεύσᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | λεύσωμαι | λεύσῃ | λεύσηται | λεύσησθον | λεύσησθον | λευσώμεθᾰ | λεύσησθε | λεύσωνται | |||||
| optative | λευσαίμην | λεύσαιο | λεύσαιτο | λεύσαισθον | λευσαίσθην | λευσαίμεθᾰ | λεύσαισθε | λεύσαιντο | |||||
| imperative | λεῦσαι | λευσᾰ́σθω | λεύσᾰσθον | λευσᾰ́σθων | λεύσᾰσθε | λευσᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| active | middle | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | λεῦσαι | λεύσᾰσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | λεύσᾱς | λευσᾰ́μενος | ||||||||||
| f | λεύσᾱσᾰ | λευσᾰμένη | |||||||||||
| n | λεῦσᾰν | λευσᾰ́μενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- εἰσλεύσσω (eisleússō)
- ἐπιλεύσσω (epileússō)
- προλεύσσω (proleússō)
- προσλεύσσω (prosleússō)
References
- ^ Alan J. Nussbaum (1 June 2013), “Arcadian λευτον (IG 5.2.3, 3) Plus/Minus λευτοντες (IG 5.2.16, 10) etc.”, in Scripta Classica Israelica[1]
- ^ Lucien van Beek (26 January 2016), “Sievers’ Law and the History of Semivowel Syllabicity in Indo-European and Ancient Greek, written by Barber, P.”, in Mnemosyne[2], volume 69, number 1, , →ISSN, page 155
- “λεύσσω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- λεύσσω in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- “λεύσσω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “λεύσσω”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- “λεύσσω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- λεύσσω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011