ygara

Old Tupi

Alternative forms

Historical spellings 
Anchieta (1555) igara / ygara
VLB (1622) igara / iggara / jgara

Etymology

  • Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨar. Cognate with Guaraní yga.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): [ɨˈɣ̞a.ɾa]
    • Rhymes: -aɾa
    • Hyphenation: y‧ga‧ra

    Noun

    ygara (possessable)

    1. canoe[1][2][3][4][5]
      Synonym: ygareté
      Coordinate term: uru
      • c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, “Na feſta de .ſ. Lço [At the Saint Lawrence Festival]” (chapter XLIV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ] [Booklet of various poems], Niterói, page 119, lines 197–199; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 694:
        Acepiac erimbae / guaixara maranuçu / ygara çeta catu
        [Asepîak erimba'e / Gûaîxará maranusu / ygara setakatu]
        I saw, once, the great battle of Guaixará. The canoes were very numerous.
      • 16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter LXVIII, in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ] [Booklet of various poems], page 168, lines 72–75; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 314:
        Yangaipa co de boya / na xererecocatui / yaribobõ omõgui / igara coabipota
        [I angaîpaba kó nde boîá / na xe rerekokatuî / îarybobõ omonguî / ygara kuabĩ potá]
        These servants of yours are evil. They don't treat me well. They knock down the bridge, wanting the canoe to pass [under it].
    2. (Late Tupi) boat; ship[6]
      Synonym: ygarusu
      • 1622, anonymous author, “Conuês de nauio [Ship deck]”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 81; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:
        Jgara rocabigtera.
        [Ygara rokabytera.]
        Deck.
        (literally, “Ship’s town square.”)

    Derived terms

    • ybyraygara
    • ygamembyra
    • ygapeba
    • ygapukuî
    • ygara rerekoara
    • ygara rokabytera
    • ygara'ykytĩaba
    • ygarapé
    • ygarembé
    • ygareté
    • ygarosara
    • ygarupaba
    • ygarusu
    • ygaybyrá

    Descendants

    • Nheengatu: igara
    • → Brazilian Portuguese: igara

    References

    1. ^ Frei Onofre (1751), “Canoa [Canoe]”, in José Mariano da Conceição Velloso, editor, Dicionario portuguez, e brasiliano [Brazilian and Portuguese dictionary] (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Lisbon: Officina Patriarcal, published 1795, page 38, column 1: “Ygára”
    2. ^ Arronches, João de (1739), “canôa [canoe]”, in Caderno da Lingua (overall work in Portuguese); republished as “O caderno da lingua ou Vocabulario Portuguez-Tupi [The language's notebook or Portuguese-Tupi vocabulary]”, in Plínio Ayrosa, editor, Revista do Museu Paulista, volume XXI, São Paulo: Imprensa Official do Estado, 1934, page 139: “igára”
    3. ^ anonymous author (c. 1757), “Canoa [Canoe]”, in [Vocabulario Portuguez–Brasilico] [Brazilian-Portuguese Vocabulary] (overall work in Portuguese); republished as Ernesto Ferreira França, compiler, Chrestomathia da lingua brazilica [Chrestomathy of the Brazilian language], Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, 1859, page 30: “ŷgâra”
    4. ^ anonymous author (18th century), “Canôa [Canoe]”, in Diccionario da lingua brazilica [Dictionary of the Brasílica Language]‎[1] (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), page 29v: “Igara”
    5. ^ Meisterburg, Anton [attributed] (a. 1756), “Canóa”, in [Dicionário de Trier] [Dictionary from Trier] (overall work in Portuguese and Old Tupi), Baixo Xingu; Pará, page 9r, column 1, line 106; republished as Jean-Claude Muller et al., editors, Dicionário de língua geral amazônica [Língua Geral Amazônica Dictionary], Potsdam: University of Potsdam, 2019, →DOI, page 127: “ygára”
    6. ^ anonymous author (1622), “Barca ou barco gnlr. e toda a embarcação [Barque or boat generally and any vessel]”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica (overall work in Portuguese), Piratininga; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, volume 1, São Paulo: USP, 1953, page 52: “Jgara”

    Further reading

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