uŋkíš

Lakota

Pronoun

uŋkíš

  1. we (1st-person plural adversative pronoun)

Usage notes

Independent pronouns are only used for emphasis, where they would otherwise be expressed with pronominal prefixes attached to verbs. There are two sets of independent pronouns, one of which is used for emphatic purposes and with specific adverbs and participles (e.g., hé miyé (“it is me”), iyé kayéš (“even he/she/it”)) and the other (called “adversative”) for emphasizing a distinct referent in a sentence (e.g., míš (“as for me”)).

The two sets can be used in combination, such as niyé níš (“you yourself”), íŋš iyéke (“it is up to him/her”).

See also

Lakota independent pronouns
Emphatic
person singular plural
1st miyé uŋkíye, uŋkíyepi
2nd niyé niyé, niyépi
3rd iyé iyé, iyépi
Adversative
person singular plural
1st míš uŋkíš
2nd níš
3rd íŋš, íš
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