rakyat

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Malay rakyat.

Noun

rakyat (plural rakyats)

  1. (Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia) An ordinary citizen.
  2. (Malaysia) The people or citizens of a country, as a collective.

Indonesian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Malay rakyat, from Classical Malay رعيت (“people”), from Arabic رَعِيَّة (raʕiyya). As the pronunciation of final-syllable ⟨k⟩ is ambiguous for many speakers of Indonesian, it triggers the spelling pronunciation with a hard /k/, which has now become the common standard realization in the media.[1]

Pronunciation

  • (Standard Indonesian)
    • IPA(key): /ˈraʔjat/ [ˈraʔ.jat̪̚]
      • Rhymes: -aʔjat
    • IPA(key): /ˈrakjat/ [ˈrak̚.jat̪̚]
      • Audio:(file)
      • Rhymes: -akjat
  • Syllabification: rak‧yat

Noun

rakyat (plural rakyat-rakyat)

  1. citizen, subject
    Rakjat Nippon jang melakoekan kedjahatan dihoekoem menoeroet oendang-oendang hoekoeman kriminil Dai Nippon. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  2. people, populace
  3. (archaic) troop
    Synonym: pasukan
  4. (archaic) subordinate
    Synonyms: anak buah, bawahan

Adjective

rakyat (comparative lebih rakyat, superlative paling rakyat)

  1. folk
    cerita rakyat Indonesia ― Indonesian folk tales

Derived terms

  • rakyat biasa
  • rakyat gembel
  • rakyat jelata
  • rakyat kebanyakan
  • rakyat kecil

References

  1. ^ Septhia Irnanda; Marisa Yoestara; Ismawirna; Faisal (2022), “Indonesian TV anchors’ final -k sound shift: The nature and the cause”, in Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, volume 11, number 3, →DOI

Further reading

Malay

Alternative forms

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic رَعِيَّة (raʕiyya).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [raʔ.jat]
  • IPA(key): [ra.ki.at]
    • Audio (Malaysia):(file)
    • Rhymes: -iat, -at
  • Hyphenation: rak‧yat

Noun

rakyat (Jawi spelling رعيت, plural rakyat-rakyat)

  1. A citizen.
    Synonyms: warganegara, warga
    rakyat Jepun ― Japanese citizen
  2. A subordinate or subject.
  3. The people, the commonfolk.
    Bagaimanakah rakyat akan bertindak?
    How will the people react?
  4. A battalion.
  5. (informal, Pahang) The Orang Asli.
    Synonym: Orang Asli

Affixations

Compounds

Descendants

  • Indonesian: rakyat
  • → English: rakyat

Further reading

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