petalum

From New Latin petalum, from Ancient Greek πέταλον (pétalon), from πέταλος (pétalos, “broad, flat”), from Proto-Hellenic *pétalos, from Proto-Indo-European *peth₂- (“to spread out”). Doublet of petal.

petalum (plural petala)

1. (botany, obsolete) A petal.

• “petalum”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

Borrowed from Latin petalum, from Ancient Greek πέτᾰλον (pétălon).

• IPA^(key): /ˌpeːˈtaː.lʏm/
• Hyphenation: pe‧ta‧lum
• Rhymes: -aːlʏm

petalum n (plural petala, no diminutive)

1. (botany, dated) a petal

   Synonyms: kroonblad, petaal

• petala, petalia, petalium (Medieval Latin)

From Ancient Greek πέτᾰλον (pétălon, “leaf”). Unrelated to Petalicus, petallia, or Petalus.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈpɛ.ta.ɫũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈpɛː.t̪a.lum]

petalum n (genitive petalī); second declension

1. (Late Latin) metal (usually gold) leaf or plate (a thin sheet of, usually precious, metal)
   • c. 639 CE – 709 CE, Aldhelmus Meldunensis, De virginitate 208
   • c. 639 CE – 709 CE, Aldhelmus Meldunensis, De virginitate 1341
   • c. 810 CE – c. 879 CE, Anastasius Bibliothecarius, Historia, de vitis Romanorum pontificum 87, (re Sergii I):

     Eoque ablato inferius Crucem diuerſis, ac precioſis lapidibus perornatam inſpexit, de qua tractis quatuor petalis, in quibus gemmæ clauſæ erant miræ magnitudinis, & ineffabilem portionem ſalutaris ligni Dominicæ Crucis inuenit.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1087, Victor III, apud Acta Sanctorum Ordinis S. Benedicti in saeculorum classes distributa 6.2.603:^[1]

     Nam reliquorum trium altarium facies veteribus tabulis à tribus partibus adornatæ ſunt, quatuor etiam trabes propter ciburium altaris ſimili modo ſculpto, ac deaurato argento extrinſecus induit; ab intus vero petalis & coloribus decoravit, e quibus duæ habent cubitos in longitudine ſex libras viginti, & viginti, duæ vero aliæ cubitos quatuor ac ſemis, libras viginti & viginti: ſex etiam candelabra magna tres cubitos altitudinis habentia de productis ac ſculptis argento laminis fecit, ana ſex vel quinque librarum, quæ videlicet in feſtis præcipuis ante altare in directa linea poſita accendi cum maximis faculis debeant.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   1. (Judaism, specifically) tzitz (a golden frontlet inscribed with the Tetragrammaton, as worn by the High Priest of Israel)
      • c. 600 CE – 625 CE, Isidorus Hispalensis, Etymologiae 29.21
      • c. 729 CE, Beda Presbyter, De tabernaculo 484
      • c. 1100 – 1156, Arnoldus Bonaevallis, Tractatus de septem verbis Domini in cruce 1723B:

        At vero summi tiara pontificis excellentior erat, et, præter hæc laminam auream, quam petalum vocant, fronti habebat insertam; in qua nomen Dei, quod apud Hebræos ineffabile dicitur, scriptum erat.

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      • 1286, Johannes Genuensis, Catholicon seu universale vocabularium ac summa grammatices 550–551, (s.v. “Petalum”)
   2. (Medieval Latin, Christianity) crozier (an episcopal or abbatial insigne resembling a shepherd’s crook)
      • 990 CE, Herigerus Lobiensis, Historia miraculorum S. Ursmari 566E:

        Frater Robertus, noſtro tempore eccleſiæ S. Urſmari ædituus, baculum recurvum (quem plerique cambuttam, alii petalum vocant) quaſi à S. Urſmaro geſtatum & ſic proprium, argento fabricavit; petiitque à nobis, ut aliquantulum de corpore ipſius, ad majorem populi venerationem, baculo illi inſereremus.

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (Medieval Latin) husk (the inedible outer coat that surrounds the kernel of a cereal grain)
   • c. 1240, Gilbertus Anglicus, Compendium medicinae I.66v.2
   • 14th century, Sinonoma Bartholomei 33
   • c. 1315, Alphita 139
   • c. 1315, Alphita 141
3. (Medieval Latin) tessera (a marble tile forming part of a mosaic)
   • 1150 – 1175, Osbernus Glocestriensis, Liber Derivationum 419–420, (s.v. “Peto”):

     Item a peto hoc petalum, li ·i· forma marmorea ad instar tesserae quadrata, unde pavimenta templorum et palaciorum quondam sternebantur; unde Iosephus in octavo: stravit autem pavimentum templi petalis aureis; et hoc petaurum, ri ·i· quidam ludus; unde Iuvenalis: an magni oblectant animum iactata petauro.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1286, Johannes Genuensis, Catholicon seu universale vocabularium ac summa grammatices 550, (s.v. “Petalum”)
   1. (Medieval Latin) paving stone (a flat stone forming part of a floor)
      • 1440, Galfridus Grammaticus, Promptorium parvulorum sive clericorum dictionarius Anglo-Latinus Princeps, (s.v. “pavyngston”)
4. (New Latin, botany) petal (a leaflike structure forming part of a flower’s corolla)

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Fabio Colonna to this entry?)

Second-declension noun (neuter).

• → Dutch: petalum
• → English: petalum

• petalum on the Latin Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^la
• “pĕtălum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• R. E. Latham, D. R. Howlett, & R. K. Ashdowne, editors (1975–2013), “petalum”, in Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources‎^[2], London: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, →ISBN, →OCLC
• “pĕtălum”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 1167/3.
• "PETALUM", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)