frugal
English
WOTD – 24 March 2007
Etymology
From Middle French, from Latin frugalis (“virtuous, thrifty”). Displaced native Old English spærhende (literally “spare-handed”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈfɹuːɡəl/
Audio (US): (file) Audio (General Australian): (file) - Rhymes: -uːɡəl
Adjective
frugal (comparative more frugal, superlative most frugal)
- Of something which is consumed (such as money, goods, etc.): Careful or wise in expenditure; avoiding waste.
- frugal advice
- 1776, Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, Book II, Chapter III:
- By what a frugal man annually saves, he not only affords maintenance to an additional number of productive hands, for that or the ensuing year, but [also] establishes as it were a perpetual fund for the maintenance of an equal number in all times to come.
- Of something which is supplied or used (especially food): Obtained by or characterized by frugality.
- frugal fortune; frugal fare
- frugal breakfast
- 1762, Oliver Goldsmith, edited by Austin Dobson, The Citizen of the World, volume II, London: J. M. Dent and Co., published 1891, page 48:
- […] a frugal meal, which consisted of roots and tea, […]
- 1868, Robert Browning, “Half-Rome” (chapter II), in The Ring and the Book:
- Pinching and paring he might furnish forth / A frugal board, bare sustenance, no more, […]
Synonyms
- cheap
- economical
- thrifty
- See also Thesaurus:frugal
Antonyms
Derived terms
Translations
economical, avoiding waste, thrifty
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References
- “frugal”, in OED Online , Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
- “frugal”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
- William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “frugal”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
French
Etymology
Borrowed from Late Latin frūgālis.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fʁy.ɡal/
Audio: (file)
Adjective
frugal (feminine frugale, masculine plural frugaux, feminine plural frugales)
Related terms
Further reading
- “frugal”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Galician
Etymology
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -al
- Hyphenation: fru‧gal
Adjective
frugal m or f (plural frugais)
Related terms
Further reading
- “frugal”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
German
Etymology
Borrowed from French frugal, from Latin frugalis.
Pronunciation
Adjective
frugal (strong nominative masculine singular frugaler, comparative frugaler, superlative am frugalsten)
Declension
Positive forms of frugal
| number & gender | singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
| predicative | er ist frugal | sie ist frugal | es ist frugal | sie sind frugal | |
| strong declension (without article) |
nominative | frugaler | frugale | frugales | frugale |
| genitive | frugalen | frugaler | frugalen | frugaler | |
| dative | frugalem | frugaler | frugalem | frugalen | |
| accusative | frugalen | frugale | frugales | frugale | |
| weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der frugale | die frugale | das frugale | die frugalen |
| genitive | des frugalen | der frugalen | des frugalen | der frugalen | |
| dative | dem frugalen | der frugalen | dem frugalen | den frugalen | |
| accusative | den frugalen | die frugale | das frugale | die frugalen | |
| mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein frugaler | eine frugale | ein frugales | (keine) frugalen |
| genitive | eines frugalen | einer frugalen | eines frugalen | (keiner) frugalen | |
| dative | einem frugalen | einer frugalen | einem frugalen | (keinen) frugalen | |
| accusative | einen frugalen | eine frugale | ein frugales | (keine) frugalen | |
Comparative forms of frugal
| number & gender | singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
| predicative | er ist frugaler | sie ist frugaler | es ist frugaler | sie sind frugaler | |
| strong declension (without article) |
nominative | frugalerer | frugalere | frugaleres | frugalere |
| genitive | frugaleren | frugalerer | frugaleren | frugalerer | |
| dative | frugalerem | frugalerer | frugalerem | frugaleren | |
| accusative | frugaleren | frugalere | frugaleres | frugalere | |
| weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der frugalere | die frugalere | das frugalere | die frugaleren |
| genitive | des frugaleren | der frugaleren | des frugaleren | der frugaleren | |
| dative | dem frugaleren | der frugaleren | dem frugaleren | den frugaleren | |
| accusative | den frugaleren | die frugalere | das frugalere | die frugaleren | |
| mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein frugalerer | eine frugalere | ein frugaleres | (keine) frugaleren |
| genitive | eines frugaleren | einer frugaleren | eines frugaleren | (keiner) frugaleren | |
| dative | einem frugaleren | einer frugaleren | einem frugaleren | (keinen) frugaleren | |
| accusative | einen frugaleren | eine frugalere | ein frugaleres | (keine) frugaleren | |
Superlative forms of frugal
| number & gender | singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
| predicative | er ist am frugalsten | sie ist am frugalsten | es ist am frugalsten | sie sind am frugalsten | |
| strong declension (without article) |
nominative | frugalster | frugalste | frugalstes | frugalste |
| genitive | frugalsten | frugalster | frugalsten | frugalster | |
| dative | frugalstem | frugalster | frugalstem | frugalsten | |
| accusative | frugalsten | frugalste | frugalstes | frugalste | |
| weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der frugalste | die frugalste | das frugalste | die frugalsten |
| genitive | des frugalsten | der frugalsten | des frugalsten | der frugalsten | |
| dative | dem frugalsten | der frugalsten | dem frugalsten | den frugalsten | |
| accusative | den frugalsten | die frugalste | das frugalste | die frugalsten | |
| mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein frugalster | eine frugalste | ein frugalstes | (keine) frugalsten |
| genitive | eines frugalsten | einer frugalsten | eines frugalsten | (keiner) frugalsten | |
| dative | einem frugalsten | einer frugalsten | einem frugalsten | (keinen) frugalsten | |
| accusative | einen frugalsten | eine frugalste | ein frugalstes | (keine) frugalsten | |
Further reading
Portuguese
Etymology
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /fɾuˈɡaw/ [fɾuˈɡaʊ̯]
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /fɾuˈɡal/ [fɾuˈɣaɫ]
- (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /fɾuˈɡa.li/ [fɾuˈɣa.li]
- Rhymes: -al, -aw
- Hyphenation: fru‧gal
Adjective
frugal m or f (plural frugais)
Derived terms
Related terms
Romanian
Etymology
Borrowed from French frugal, from Latin frugalis.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fruˈɡal/
Adjective
frugal m or n (feminine singular frugală, masculine plural frugali, feminine and neuter plural frugale)
Declension
| singular | plural | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | |||
| nominative- accusative |
indefinite | frugal | frugală | frugali | frugale | |||
| definite | frugalul | frugala | frugalii | frugalele | ||||
| genitive- dative |
indefinite | frugal | frugale | frugali | frugale | |||
| definite | frugalului | frugalei | frugalilor | frugalelor | ||||
Related terms
Further reading
- “frugal”, in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language) (in Romanian), 2004–2025
Spanish
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fɾuˈɡal/ [fɾuˈɣ̞al]
Audio (Colombia): (file) - Rhymes: -al
- Syllabification: fru‧gal
Adjective
frugal m or f (masculine and feminine plural frugales)
- frugal
- Synonym: parco
- economical
- Synonym: económico
Related terms
Further reading
- “frugal”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 10 December 2024