ecqui

Latin

Determiner

ecquī or ecquis (feminine ecqua or ecquae, neuter ecquod); indeclinable portion with a relative/interrogative determiner (interrogative pronoun)

  1. (determiner) any
    • Plautus, Pseudolus, actus I. In: Plautus with an English translation by Paul Nixon, vol. IV of five volumes, 1930, p. 200f.:
      Ecquas viginti minas
      paritas ut auferas a me?
      And you are making ready to get eighty pounds out of me ?
    • c. 186 BCE, Plautus, Aulularia 16, (Prologue):
      ubi is obiit mortem qui mihi id aurum credidit,
      coepi observare, ecqui maiorem filius
      mihi honorem haberet quam eius habuisset pater.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 70 BCE, Cicero, In Verrem 2.4.18:
      Ecqui pudor est, ecquae religio, Verres, ecqui metus?
      Do you have any modesty, any scruples, Verres, any fear?
    • 68 BCE – 44 BCE, Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum 10.3.1:
      Cum quod scriberem plane nihil haberem, haec autem reliqua essent quae scire cuperem, profectusne esset, quo in statu urbem reliquisset, in ipsa Italia quem cuique regioni aut negotio praefecisset, ecqui essent ad Pompeium et ad consules ex senatus consulto de pace legati, cum igitur haec scire ⟨cupere⟩m dedita opera has ad te litteras misi.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 63 BCE, Cicero, De lege agraria 2.39.4:
      Primum hoc quaero, ecqui tandem locus usquam sit quem non possint xviri dicere publicum populi Romani esse factum.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 57 BCE, Cicero, De domo sua 24.15:
      si quae tum promulgasti constituisti promisisti vendidisti perferre potuisses, ecqui locus orbi terrarum vacuus extraordinariis fascibus atque imperio Clodiano fuisset?
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 56 BCE, Cicero, Pro Sestio 110.17:
      Ecquae seditio umquam fuit in qua non ille princeps? Ecqui seditiosus cui ille non familiaris? Ecquae turbulenta contio cuius ille non concitator?
      • 1958 translation by R. Gardner
        Was there ever any riot in which he was not the leader? any rioter with whom he was not intimate? any disorderly meeting where he was not the ringleader?
    • Publius Ovidius Naso, Ex Ponto, liber IV. In: Ovid with an English translation, Tristia • Ex Ponto, by Arthur Leslie Wheeler, 1939, p. 464f.:
      ecquos tu silices, ecquod, carissime, ferrum
      duritiae confers, Albinovane, meae ?
      Can you compare any flint, Albinovanus, any iron to my endurance ?
  2. (pronoun) anyone, anything
    • c. 200 BCE, Plautus, Stichus 222:[1]
      Qui cena poscit? Ecqui poscit prandio?
      • 1952 translation by Paul Nixon
        Who offers a dinner? (silence) Anyone offer a lunch? (more silence)
    • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 26.33.7:
      "In consilio" inquit "arbitror me fuisse consulibus, Capua capta cum quaereretur ecqui Campanorum bene meritus de re publica nostra esset.
      • 1943 translation by Frank Gardner Moore
        "I testify," he said, "that I was one of the advisers to the consuls when, after the capture of Capua, the question was raised whether there was anyone of the Campanians who had deserved well of our republic.

Usage notes

  • Becomes infrequent after Cicero's era.[2]
  • The nominative singular ecquī is usually a determiner (used adjectivally), but can also be found used as a pronoun/substantive in Plautus[2] and in Livy. However, the nominative singular of the pronoun is more often ecquis.
  • ecquī is attested in the plural.

Declension

Indeclinable portion with a relative/interrogative determiner.

singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative ecquī1
ecquis 		ecqua
ecquae 		ecquod ecquī1 ecquae ecqua
ecquae
genitive — —
dative eccui1 —
accusative ecquem ecquam ecquod ecquōs ecquās ecqua
ecquae
ablative ecquō ecquā ecquō —
vocative — —

1In Republican Latin or earlier, alternative spellings could be found for the following forms of quī/quis and its compounds: the masculine nominative singular or plural quī (old spelling quei), the genitive singular cuius (old spelling quoius), the dative singular cui (old spelling quoi or quoiei), the dative/ablative plural quīs (old spelling queis).

  • The declension is similar to aliquī. In particular, the feminine nominative singular and neuter nominative/accusative plural forms are normally ecqua, but ecquae is also found. The feminine nominative plural can only be ecquae.
  • The following forms are unattested in Classical Latin, although they may possibly be found in more recent texts: genitive singular eccuius, masculine/neuter genitive plural ecquōrum, feminine genitive plural ecquārum, dative/ablative plural ecquibus.

See also

References

  1. ^ Nixon, Paul (1952), Plautus with an English translation, volume 5, page 28f
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Bodelot, Colette (2023), “Ecquis in 'Early Latin':Aspects of Questions”, in J. N. Adams, Anna Chahoud, Giuseppe Pezzini, Charlie Kerrigan, editors, Early Latin: Constructs, Diversity, Reception, Cambridge University Press, pages 138-156

Further reading

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