cercear
Galician
Etymology
Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese cercear, from Latin circināre. Compare Portuguese cercear and Spanish cercenar.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /θeɾθeˈaɾ/
Verb
cercear (first-person singular present cerceo, first-person singular preterite cerceei, past participle cerceado)
cercear (first-person singular present cerceio, first-person singular preterite cerceei, past participle cerceado, reintegrationist norm)
Conjugation
Conjugation of cercear
Reintegrated conjugation of cercear (e may become ei when stressed) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)
1Less recommended.
Related terms
- cercén
References
- Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “cercear”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “çerçe”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “cercear”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “cercear”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- “cercear”, in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (in Galician), 2014–2025
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “cercear”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Old Galician-Portuguese
Etymology
Inherited from Late Latin circināre.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t͡seɾ.t͡se.ˈaɾ/
- Rhymes: -aɾ
Verb
cercear
- to shave (the head)
Conjugation
Conjugation of cercear
| infinitive | cercear | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | simple | cerceando | |||||||
| compound | gerund of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
| past participle | singular | plural | |||||||
| masculine | cerceado | cerceados | |||||||
| feminine | cerceada | cerceadas | |||||||
| present participle | cerceante | cerceantes | |||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
| indicative mood | eu ei |
tu | el~ele ela |
nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
eles elas | |||
| simple tenses |
present | cerceio1, cerceo2 | cerceias1, cerceas2 | cerceia1, cercea2 | cerceamos | cerceades, cerceaes, cerceais, cerceaas, cerceás | cerceian | ||
| imperfect | cerceava | cerceavas | cerceava | cerceavamos, cerceávamos | cerceavades, cerceávades, cerceávaes, cerceávais, cerceávees, cerceáveis | cerceavan | |||
| preterite | cerceei | cerceaste, cerceasche, cerceache | cerceou | cerceamos | cerceastes | cercearon | |||
| pluperfect | cerceara | cercearas | cerceara | cercearamos, cerceáramos | cercearades, cerceárades, cerceáraes, cerceárais, cerceárees, cerceáreis | cercearan | |||
| future | cercearei | cercearás | cerceará | cercearemos | cercearedes, cercearees, cerceareis, cercearês | cercearán | |||
| conditional | cercearia | cercearias | cercearia | cerceariamos, cercearíamos | cerceariades, cercearíades, cercearíaes, cercearíais, cercearíees, cercearíeis | cercearian | |||
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | |||||||
| pluperfect | imperfect of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
| past anterior | preterite of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
| pluperfect anterior | simple pluperfect of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
| future perfect | future of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
| subjunctive mood | eu ei |
tu | el~ele ela |
nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
eles elas | |||
| simple tenses |
present | cerceie1, cercee2 | cerceies1, cercees2 | cerceie1, cercee2 | cerceemos | cerceedes, cerceees, cerceeis, cerceês | cerceien | ||
| imperfect | cerceasse | cerceasses | cerceasse | cerceassemos, cerceássemos | cerceassedes, cerceássedes, cerceássees, cerceásseis | cerceassen | |||
| future | cercear | cerceares | cercear | cercearmos | cerceardes | cercearen | |||
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present subjunctive of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | |||||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
| future perfect | future subjunctive of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
| imperative mood | — | tu | — | nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
— | |||
| affirmative | — | cerceia1, cercea2 | — | cerceemos | cerceade, cerceae, cerceai | — | |||
| negative | — | non cerceies1, non cercees2 | — | non cerceemos | non cerceedes, non cerceees, non cerceeis, non cerceês | — | |||
| personal infinitive | eu ei |
tu | el~ele ela |
nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
eles elas | |||
| cercear | cerceares | cercear | cercearmos | cerceardes | cercearen | ||||
| 1 teer and “ter were also used, although all three were less common than haver. | |||||||||
Descendants
Further reading
Portuguese
Etymology
Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese cercear, from Latin circināre. Compare Galician cercear and Spanish cercenar.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /seʁ.seˈa(ʁ)/ [seh.seˈa(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /seɾ.seˈa(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /seʁ.seˈa(ʁ)/ [seχ.seˈa(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /seɻ.seˈa(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /sɨɾˈsjaɾ/
- (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /sɨɾˈsja.ɾi/
- Hyphenation: cer‧ce‧ar
Verb
cercear (first-person singular present cerceio, first-person singular preterite cerceei, past participle cerceado)
- (transitive) to cut by the roots
- Synonym: rentear
- (transitive) to trim
- Synonym: aparar
- (transitive, figuratively) to diminish, to decrease
- (transitive, figuratively) to restrict, to limit
- Synonyms: restringir, limitar, coartar
Conjugation
Conjugation of cercear (e becomes ei when stressed) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.
Related terms
- cerceamento
- cérceo
Further reading
- “cercear”, in Dicionário infopédia da Lingua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025