caoin

Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Irish caín.[4]

Adjective

caoin (genitive singular masculine caoin, genitive singular feminine caoine, plural caoine, comparative caoine)

  1. smooth, delicate, polished
  2. kind, gentle, refined
Declension
Declension of caoin
Positive singular plural
masculine feminine strong noun weak noun
nominative caoin chaoin caoine;
chaoine2
vocative chaoin caoine
genitive caoine caoine caoin
dative caoin;
chaoin1 		chaoin caoine;
chaoine2
Comparative níos caoine
Superlative is caoine

1 When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
2 When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Etymology 2

From Middle Irish caín (“smooth finished side”), a substantivization of caín (“fine, beautiful”).[5]

Noun

caoin f (genitive singular caoine)

  1. smooth surface
Declension
Declension of caoin (second declension, no plural)
bare forms
singular
nominative caoin
vocative a chaoin
genitive caoine
dative caoin
forms with the definite article
singular
nominative an chaoin
genitive na caoine
dative leis an gcaoin
don chaoin

Etymology 3

From Middle Irish caínid, from Old Irish coínid,[6] from Brythonic (compare Welsh cwyn (“lament”)).

Verb

caoin (present analytic caoineann, future analytic caoinfidh, verbal noun caoineadh, past participle caointe)

  1. (ambitransitive) to keen, lament
  2. (ambitransitive) to cry, weep
Conjugation
conjugation of caoin (first conjugation – A)
verbal noun caoineadh
past participle caointe
tense singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative
present caoinim caoineann tú;
caoinir† 		caoineann sé, sí caoinimid caoineann sibh caoineann siad;
caoinid† 		a chaoineann; a chaoineas /
a gcaoineann* 		caointear
past chaoin mé; chaoineas chaoin tú; chaoinis chaoin sé, sí chaoineamar; chaoin muid chaoin sibh; chaoineabhair chaoin siad; chaoineadar a chaoin /
ar chaoin* 		caoineadh
past habitual chaoininn / gcaoininn‡‡ chaointeá / gcaointeᇇ chaoineadh sé, sí / gcaoineadh sé, s퇇 chaoinimis; chaoineadh muid / gcaoinimis‡‡; gcaoineadh muid‡‡ chaoineadh sibh / gcaoineadh sibh‡‡ chaoinidís; chaoineadh siad / gcaoinidís‡‡; gcaoineadh siad‡‡ a chaoineadh /
a gcaoineadh* 		chaointí / gcaoint퇇
future caoinfidh mé;
caoinfead 		caoinfidh tú;
caoinfir† 		caoinfidh sé, sí caoinfimid;
caoinfidh muid 		caoinfidh sibh caoinfidh siad;
caoinfid† 		a chaoinfidh; a chaoinfeas /
a gcaoinfidh* 		caoinfear
conditional chaoinfinn / gcaoinfinn‡‡ chaoinfeá / gcaoinfeᇇ chaoinfeadh sé, sí / gcaoinfeadh sé, s퇇 chaoinfimis; chaoinfeadh muid / gcaoinfimis‡‡; gcaoinfeadh muid‡‡ chaoinfeadh sibh / gcaoinfeadh sibh‡‡ chaoinfidís; chaoinfeadh siad / gcaoinfidís‡‡; gcaoinfeadh siad‡‡ a chaoinfeadh /
a gcaoinfeadh* 		chaoinfí / gcaoinf퇇
subjunctive
present go gcaoine mé;
go gcaoinead† 		go gcaoine tú;
go gcaoinir† 		go gcaoine sé, sí go gcaoinimid;
go gcaoine muid 		go gcaoine sibh go gcaoine siad;
go gcaoinid† 		— go gcaointear
past dá gcaoininn dá gcaointeá dá gcaoineadh sé, sí dá gcaoinimis;
dá gcaoineadh muid 		dá gcaoineadh sibh dá gcaoinidís;
dá gcaoineadh siad 		— dá gcaointí
imperative
– caoinim caoin caoineadh sé, sí caoinimis caoinigí;
caoinidh† 		caoinidís — caointear

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Descendants
  • → English: keen

Mutation

Mutated forms of caoin
radical lenition eclipsis
caoin chaoin gcaoin

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931), Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 100, page 55
  2. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899), Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 168
  3. ^ Hamilton, John Noel (1974), A Phonetic Study of the Irish of Tory Island, Co. Donegal (Studies in Irish Language and Literature, Department of Celtic, Q.U.B.; vol. 3), Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen’s University Belfast, page 249
  4. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 caín”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  5. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 caín”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  6. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “caínid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kʰɯːɲ/

Etymology 1

From Middle Irish caínid, from Old Irish coínid, from Brythonic (compare Welsh cwyn (“lament”)).

Verb

caoin (past chaoin, future caoinidh, verbal noun caoineadh, past participle caointe)

  1. mourn, lament, grieve
    Synonym: caoidh
  2. cry, weep
    Synonym: guil

Etymology 2

From Middle Irish caín (“smooth finished side; especially the outer surface of a wall, etc.”), a substantivization of caín (“fine, beautiful”).

Noun

caoin f (genitive singular caoine, no plural)

  1. exterior, outer side (of garment)
    Antonym: ascaoin
Derived terms

Mutation

Mutation of caoin
radical lenition
caoin chaoin

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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