barchan

Unadapted borrowing from Russian барха́н (barxán),^[1] from a Turkic language^[2] such as Kazakh барқан (barqan);^[3] further etymology unknown. The Russian word was first used in scientific literature in 1881 by the Russian zoologist and explorer Alexander von Middendorf (1815–1894).^[4]

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈbɑːk(ə)n/, /bɑːˈkɑːn/

• Audio (Southern England); /ˈbɑːk(ə)n/:

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• Audio (Southern England); /bɑːˈkɑːn/:

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• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈbɑɹˌkɑn/, /bɑɹˈkɑn/

• Audio (General American); /bɑɹˈkɑn/:

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• Rhymes: (one RP) -ɑːkən, -ɑːn
• Hyphenation: bar‧chan

barchan (plural barchans)

1. (geology, also attributive) An arc-shaped shifting sand dune comprising well-sorted (uniformly sized) sand.
   • 1966, E[dwin] S[herbon] Hills, C[liff] D. Ollier, C[harles] R[owland] Twidale, “Geomorphology”, in E. S. Hills, editor, Arid Lands: A Geographical Appraisal (Routledge Revivals), New York, N.Y.: Routledge, published 2024, →ISBN, page 72:

     The sand is usually very well sorted in barchans, for it is constantly re-worked as the dune 'marches'. The marching also causes cross-bedding inside the barchan, with a dip parallel to the sand-fall face.

   • 1988, Robert Irwin, chapter 8, in The Mysteries of Algiers, London: Viking, →ISBN, page 69:

     But to follow the dunes around the foot of their slopes is also tedious and one can walk for half a kilometre east or west, finding one barchan linked to another and no easy way through, and the unverifiable suspicion grows that one has been driven by insensible curves actually southwards.

   • 2006, Thomas Pynchon, “Against the Day”, in Against the Day, New York, N.Y.: Penguin Press, →ISBN, page 752:

     The structure out here was revealed immediately—desert punctuated by oases in a geography of cruelty, barkhans or traveling sand-dunes a hundred feet high, which might or might not possess consciousness, […]

   • 2008, Julie Laity, “Aeolian Processes”, in Deserts and Desert Environments, Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, →ISBN, page 205, column 2:

     Barchans and transverse dunes are essentially of the same type, forming and migrating under a unidirectional wind regime. The difference between the two is related to the amount of sand: barchans are isolated mounds, whereas transverse dunes are composed of many barchans coalesced into a single, longer dune form […].

   • 2010, Robert S[tewart] Anderson, Suzanne P[restrud] Anderson, “Eolian Forms and Deposits”, in Geomorphology: The Mechanics and Chemistry of Landscapes, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire; New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press, published 2011, →ISBN, page 482, column 1:

     Perhaps the most distinctive is the barchan dune, an isolated crescentic form with arms that stretch downwind. Barchans are not huge, often with heights of only a few meters.

• barchane, barkan, barkhan

• barchanoid
• megabarchan

• barchan on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

• parchan

Borrowed from Old High German barchant, from Medieval Latin barchanus, from Old French barracan.

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈbarxan/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈbarxan/

barchan m inan

1. fustian

• Old Polish: barchan
  • Polish: barchan (“fustian”), (Olszytn) barchim, (Warmia) parchim, (Warmia) parchin
    • → Kashubian: barchón
  • Silesian: barchin

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916), “barchan”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Borrowed from Old Czech barchan.^[1][2][3] First attested in 1370.

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /barxaːn/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /barxɒn/

barchan m inan

1. (attested in Masovia, Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) fustian
   • 1950 [1477], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 3094, Warsaw:

     Jako themv gwalthowi o szvknya y o barchan, o kthore mnye Borzym poszvąl, *røk mynąl, thako my pomozi boog y szwanthi crzyschs

     [Jako temu gwałtowi o suknią i o barchan, o ktore mnie Borzym pozwał, rok minął, tako mi pomoży Bog i święty krzyż]

   • 1370, Adam Chmiel, editor, Księgi radzieckie kazimierskie‎^[4] (quotation in Latin and Old Polish; overall work in Polish, Latin, and Old Polish), Krakow, page 20:

     Pro duobus barchanis

     [Pro duobus barchanis]

   • 1442, Wokabularz Raczyńskich, Biblioteki Raczyńskich w Poznaniu, sygn. 1360/I, page 136r:

     Lliniscenia vestis lana et ex lino contexsta vlg. barchan

     [Lliniscenia vestis lana et ex lino contexsta vlg. barchan]

   • 1450, Piotr z Uścia, Rozariusz kapitulny, Ujście: Archiwum i Biblioteki Krakowskiej Kapituły Katedralnej, sygn. Ms 224, page 145v:

     Liniscenia dicitur vestis ex lino et lana contexta et alio nomine dicitur liniscius proprie barchan

     [Liniscenia dicitur vestis ex lino et lana contexta et alio nomine dicitur liniscius proprie barchan]

   • 1463, Wokabularz petersburski VII, Cesarskiej Biblioteki Publicznej w Petersburgu, sygn. Lat.Q.ch.I.100, page 12:

     Linistius barchan

     [Linistius barchan]

   • XV p. post., rękopiśmienne ekscerpty - glosy z rozariusza w rękopisie Biblioteki Zakładu Narodowego im. Ossolińskich we Lwowie, obecnie we Wrocławiu, o sygn. 3297, z r. 1476, page 131r:

     Liniscema dicitur uestis ex lino et lana contexta et alio nomine dicitur liniscius proprie *brachan

     [Liniscema dicitur uestis ex lino et lana contexta et alio nomine dicitur liniscius proprie *brachan]

   • XV p. post., Rękopiśmienne ekscerpty - glosy z rozariusza w rękopisie Biblioteki Zakładu Narodowego im. Ossolińskich we Lwowie, obecnie we Wrocławiu, o sygn. 1630, page 129v:

     Liniscenia dicitur vestis ex lino et lana contexta Et alio nomine dicitur liniscius proprie barchan

     [Liniscenia dicitur vestis ex lino et lana contexta Et alio nomine dicitur liniscius proprie barchan]

   • XV p. post., Wokabularz petersburski II, Cesarskiej Biblioteki Publicznej w Petersburgu, sygn. Lat.F.ch.XVI.12, page 9:

     Liniscenia barchan vel brucfa

     [Liniscenia barchan vel brucfa]

   • c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 23v:

     Cardiunculus barchan

     [Cardiunculus barchan]

• Polish: barchan (“fustian”), (Olszytn) barchim, (Warmia) parchim, (Warmia) parchin
  • → Kashubian: barchón
• Silesian: barchin

• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “barchan”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
• Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “barchan”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk

Inherited from Old Polish barchan.

• Audio:

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• Rhymes: -arxan
• Syllabification: bar‧chan

barchan m inan (related adjective barchanowy)

1. fustian
   1. fustian clothing

• (Olszytn) barchim, (Warmia) parchim, (Warmia) parchin

• → Kashubian: barchón

Borrowed from Turkmen [Term?].^[1][2][3] First attested in 1925.^[3]

• IPA^(key): /ˈbar.xan/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -arxan
• Syllabification: bar‧chan

barchan m inan (related adjective barchanowy)

1. barchan

   Hypernym: wydma

• barchan in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• barchan in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “barchan”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• Barbara Rykiel-Kempf (09.10.2018), “BARCHAN”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “barchan”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “barchan”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “barchan”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 97