ach

Clipping of English Acholi.

ach

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Acholi.

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Acholi terms

From Middle English ache, from Old French ache, from Latin apium (“parsley”).

• ache

• IPA^(key): /æt͡ʃ/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

ach (plural aches)

1. (obsolete) Any of several species of plants, such as smallage, wild celery, parsley.

• lovage
• smallage

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key): /æx/, /ɑx/, /əx/

ach

1. An expression of annoyance.
   • 1958, Anthony Burgess, The Enemy in the Blanket (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972:

     "Ach." Auntie frowned hugely. "That is all nonsense."

2. An expression of woe or regret.
3. Alternative form of och.

Used in Scottish English.

• -cha, CAH, CHA, Cha, HAC, HCA, cah, cha

• aacht (Moselle Franconian)
• aach (Ripuarian)

From Middle High German ahte, from Old High German ahto, from Proto-West Germanic *ahtō, from Proto-Germanic *ahtōu, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw.

• IPA^(key): /ɑx/

ach

1. (Limburgan Ripuarian) eight (numerical value represented by the Arabic numeral 8; or describing a set with eight elements)

• Ach
• achmoal

• achtsieg
• achtsing

• “ach” in d'r nuie Kirchröadsjer Dieksiejoneer 2nd ed., 2017.

ach

1. First-person plural inclusive general possessive; our (inclusive)

• òich (plural you only)

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

ach

1. (Sette Comuni) accusative of iart: you (plural; polite singular)

• “ach” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974), Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

From Middle Dutch ach. Compare Old Saxon ah, Old Dutch ah.

• IPA^(key): /ɑx/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ach
• Rhymes: -ɑx

ach

1. oh (expression of compassion, surprise and dismay)

• Afrikaans: ag
• → Papiamentu: ag
• → Peranakan Indonesian: ach
  • >? Indonesian: ah

• van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “ach”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

ach

1. H-system spelling of aĉ

From Middle High German ach, from Old High German ah.

• IPA^(key): /ax/

• Audio (Germany (Berlin)):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ax

ach

1. oh, alas (expressing surprise, sorrow, or understanding)
   • 1808, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, “Vor dem Thor”, in Faust: Der Tragödie erster Teil [Faust, Part One]‎^[1]; republished as Bayard Taylor, transl., 1870:

     Zwey Seelen wohnen, ach! in meiner Brust, / Die eine will sich von der andern trennen;

     Two souls, alas! reside within my breast, / And each withdraws from, and repels, its brother.

2. oh (preceding an offhand or annoyed remark)
3. oh (preceding an invocation or address, but rarely a solemn one)

• Danish: ah
  • Norwegian Bokmål: ah, a
• Yiddish: אַך (akh)

• “ach” in Duden online
• Friedrich Kluge (1883), “ach”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891
• “ach” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

• (Munster, Aran) IPA^(key): /ɑx/^[1][2]
• (Cois Fharraige) IPA^(key): /ax/, [aːx]^[3]
• (Mayo) IPA^(key): /ax/^[4]
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /ax/^[5], /ah/^[6]
• Homophone: each

From Old Irish acht (“but, except”),^[7] from Proto-Celtic *extos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs.

• acht (obsolete)

ach

1. but

ach (plus nominative, triggers no mutation)

1. except, but

• ach oiread (“as well”) (after a negative)

ach

1. but, only, merely

Onomatopoeic.

• ách

ach!

1. ah! och! ugh!

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “ach”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959), “ach”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “ach”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2025

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *axъ.

• IPA^(key): /ˈax/
• Rhymes: -ax
• Syllabification: ach

ach

1. ah! expresses surprise, fear, pleasure, sadness, sudden understanding

• Stefan Ramułt (1893), “aχ!”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 2
• Sychta, Bernard (1967), “aχ!”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich [Dictionary of Kashubian dialects] (in Polish), volumes 1 (A – Ǵ), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 3
• Jan Trepczyk (1994), “ach!”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011), “ach!”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[2]
• “ach!”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Borrowed from Old Polish ach.

ach (archaic)

1. o (used to address someone or a group)

• Wojciech Smoczyński (2018), “ach”, in Lithuanian Etymological Dictionary, Berlin, Germany: Peter Lang, →DOI, →ISBN, page 4

• IPA^(key): /ɑx/, [ax], [ɑχ]

ach

1. oh (an expression of grievance or displeasure)

From Old Frisian achta. Compare West Frisian acht.

ach

1. (Heligoland) eight

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *axъ. First attested in the 14th century.

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /ax/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ax/

ach

1. (attested in Silesia) ah! expresses surprise
   • 1915 [End of the 15th century], Jan Łoś, editor, Przegląd językowych zabytków staropolskich do r. 1543‎^[3], page 315:

     Ach boze moy, pomozy my

     [Ach Boże moj, pomoży mi]

   • 1915 [Middle of the 15th century], Jan Łoś, editor, Przegląd językowych zabytków staropolskich do r. 1543‎^[4], page 514:

     Ach nyestocze proch dolor

     [Ach niestocie proch dolor]

   • 1885-2024 [End of the 15th century], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne‎^[5], volume III, Wrocław, page 289:

     Ach gelacze heu

     [Ach jełacie heu]

   • Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa‎^[6], page 56:

     Takoż płakał rzekąc: Ach mnie nędznemu

     [Takoż płakał rzekąc: Ach mnie nędznemu]

• Polish: ach
• Silesian: ach
• → Lithuanian: ach

• Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “ach”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
• Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “ach”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “ach”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Borrowed from Dutch ach (“oh”).

ach

1. oh, expresses compassion, surprise and dismay

   Ach, ia laen tida minta doeit.^[1] ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

• >? Indonesian: ah

Inherited from Old Polish ach.

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ax
• Syllabification: ach

ach

1. ah! expresses surprise, fear, pleasure, sadness, sudden understanding

   Synonyms: och, ojej, ależ

• ach in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• ach in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “ach, ah”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• Krystyna Siekierska (08.06.2022), “ACH”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “ach”, in Słownik języka polskiego, volume 1, pages 3-4
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “ach”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “ach”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 6
• Zofia Stamirowska (1987-2024), “ach”, in Anna Basara, editor, Słownik gwar Ostródzkiego, Warmii i Mazur, volume 1, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk, →ISBN, pages 112-113

In imitation of a cry.

• IPA^(key): /ɑx/

ach

1. An exclamation of impatience, disappointment, contempt, remonstrance.
2. expression of satisfaction or pleasure.

• “ach, int.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

• IPA^(key): /ax/
• (Skye) IPA^(key): /ɔx/^[1]

From Old Irish acht (“but, except”),^[2] from Proto-Celtic *extos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs-tos.

ach

1. but

   Thèid mise ach cha tèid thusa. ― I'll go but you won't [go].

2. except, only

   Cha robh ann ach trì daoine. ― There were only three people (literally "there was not there but/except for three people").

Shortened form of feuch.

ach

1. so that

   Dh'aontaich e ach am biodh adhartas air choireigin ann. ― He agreed so that there would be some progress.

Inherited from Old Polish ach.

• IPA^(key): /ˈax/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ax
• Syllabification: ach

ach

1. ah! expresses surprise, fear, pleasure, sadness, sudden understanding

• ach in silling.org
• Henryk Jaroszewicz (2022), “ach”, in Zasady pisowni języka śląskiego (in Polish), Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe IKR[i]BL, page 61
• Aleksandra Wencel (2023), “ach!”, in Dykcjůnôrz ślų̊sko-polski, page 7

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *axъ.

• IPA^(key): /ˈax/
• Rhymes: -ax
• Syllabification: ach

ach

1. ah! expresses surprise, fear, pleasure, sadness, sudden understanding

• Lorentz, Friedrich (1908), “ãχ!”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch‎^[7] (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 2

ach

1. maybe

From Proto-Celtic *akkā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ekkeh₂ (compare Latin Acca (Larentia), a Roman goddess, Ancient Greek Ἀκκώ (Akkṓ, “nurse of Demeter”), Sanskrit अक्का (akkā, “mother”)).

• IPA^(key): /aːχ/
• Rhymes: -aːχ

ach f (plural achau or achoedd)

1. kinship
2. pedigree, ancestry
3. (in the plural) lineage
4. (in the plural) genealogy, family roots

• achres (“genealogical table”)
• achydd (“genealogist”)
• achyddiaeth (“genealogy”)
• achyddol (“genealogical”)
• ers achau (“for ages”)

och, ych

• IPA^(key): /aχ/

ach

1. yuck

ach-y-fi

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ach”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies